Theme: Grammar

  • The Method – Grammars

    GRAMMARS OF DECIDABILITY

    The Dimensions

    The Geometry of Our Grammars

    Now that we have completed our journey through creating Dimensions of Decidability using Deflation, Operationalization, Serialization, and Competition, we can:

    • Discover and enumerate the Dimensions extant in our Language.
    • Discover how those dimensions can be combined into Grammars of Decidability.
    • Discover how those grammars can be organized into a spectrum that covers every niche of human communication from physical, perceptual, emotional, intellectual, and imaginary – as well as deception.
    • Discover that our set of grammars illustrate a hierarchy of patterns in the physical universe – and that our understanding of that pattern and our grammars are very nearly complete.
    • Discover that our Language consists of :
      • Continuous Recursive Disambiguation in Real Time (Serial Speech)
      • Using Some Set of Analogies to Experience (Words)
      • Resulting in Transactions (Sentences)
      • That produce Contracts for Meaning (Stories)
      • Within some Set of Dimensions (Physical, Experiential, Imaginary)
    • And that opportunity for Deception (Frauds, Fictions, Fictionalisms) is ever-present.
    • But by limiting our speech (prose) to Operational Grammar ( using constant relations between reality, perceptions, cognition, actions, and consequences), or what we traditionally call “Testimony”, all statements are both objectively and subjectively testable, thereby providing extremely limited opportunity for error, bias, and deceit.
    • And by performing Due Diligence, for consistency, correspondence, existential possibility, rationality of choice, reciprocity, completeness and coherence;
    • We force a Competition for Coherence by which we expose our ignorance and can Warranty our speech is as free of error, bias, and deceit as is possible given our current language knowledge.

    Geometry of Decidability

    (…) (the via negativa pzzle pcs)

    Dimensions Present in our Vocabulary

    Next, we can examine our vocabulary and organize the terms into a series of categories.

    |WORD| > Name(Noun) > Action(Verb) > Relations > Agreements > Noise Words > Code Words. And within each category of word we find multiple dimensions.

    |Name(Noun)| : Proper(Person > Thing > Place > Idea > Perception(sense) > Emotion(value)) > Common (categorical) > Compound > Pronoun > Clarifier (Determiner/Measure) > Property(adjective) >

    |State| State > Event > Action > Experience > Thought

    |Person| First > Second > Third > Abstract

    |Gender| Female < Young Female < Neutral > Young Male > Male.

    |Possession|- Possession (‘s – “apostrophe s” in English) (“Can Own”) > (“Can be owned”) > (Cannot be owned”)

    |Number|- Unique > Countable > Collection/Mass(not worth counting) > Uncountable.

    |Perception|- Concrete(observable 5 Senses) > Emotions(Feelings) > Ideas(Abstr.)

    Or: |Experience| Perceivable > Experience-able > Imaginable

    |Action(Verb)| > Action Property(adverb) > Action Clarifier(Phrasal Verbs) >

    |Knowledge| Unknown > Believed > Known > Undeniable > Tautological

    |Ownership| Undiscovered > Unconvertible > Unconverted > “Homesteaded”(Worked) > Possessed(Fact) > Consensual Property (Agreement) > Normative Property (Habit) > Property Right (Insured by third party) > inalienable(life, memory, imagination, Emotion)

    |Possibility| Impossibility > Contingency(Might) > Possibility(Can) > Necessity(Shall).

    |Permissibility| Impermissible > Permissible(May) > Obligatory(Must).

    |Temporality| Always Been > Has been > is Currently > Will Be > Will Always Be.

    |Gain or Loss| Gain < Neutral > Loss

    |Decidability| Incommensurable > Undecidable > Preferable > Good > True.

    |Relations| Relation (Preposition/Postposition) > Link (Conjunction > Copula ) >

    |Agreements| Agreement(yes-no) >

    |Noise Words| Noise Words(Expletives etc.) >

    |Code Words| code-words(acronyms etc.)What Can We Learn From Those Dimensions? A great deal:

    • Limited Scales Measurement: We tend to consider only a scale of five, in any dimension which mirrors the accuracy of survey responses: a 1-5 scale is about as accurate as one can get, with 1-3 1-5, 1-7 appearing frequently and with a 1-10 scale ratings always reducible to a 1-5 scale with finer graduation to the high end and lower granulation to the low end. This 3,5,7 scale shows up in nearly all aspects of cognition, such as the number of objects we can independently visualize or numbers one can recall. Usually in the seven plus or minus two range.
    • Limited Dimensions To Describe References: There are about as many dimensions in both nouns and verbs: seven. While there are about fourteen dimensions between nouns and verbs, the only complex relationships are:
      • State
      • Perception (Experience)
      • Relations

    But these three sets provide a large set of sensory dimensions for describing our references.

    • State, Perception, and Relation function as Weights and Measures:
      ( … )
    • Dimensions of Negotiation: Other than Perception and Relations, the number of dimensions is surprisingly small. And nearly all can be categorized as necessities of
      • Negotiation and
      • Possession, and
      • Weights and Measures.
    • Dimensions of Possession: Our language contains an extraordinary dedication of dimensions to possession. Given the dimensions above, please note the following:
    • Person, Gender, and Possession are dimensions in our Nouns.
    • Ownership, Permissibility, and Gain or Loss are dimensions in our Verbs.
    • The degree of Warranty of our meaning is implied not stated.

    As we will see later, this emphasis on possession, ownership, and property is necessary for both cooperation and ‘calculation’, and function as the basis of ethics and morality, and our valuation of changes in state of possessions (or interests) the origin of our emotional responses. We are, whether we like it or not, acquisition machines, using language to negotiate cooperation because of the far higher returns on a division of labor than are possibly by individual action. A Change In Paradigm (Ontology) Justification an self and knowledge versus Contract and others and trade and consent.

    Note: For those who have experience with Taxonomies of vocabulary, this categorization is significantly different from Roget’s – and somewhat dehumanizing.

    Words: Measurements and Collections of Measurements (Weights and Measures)  The Contractual Constitution of Meaning (Words, Phrases, Sentences) The Experiential: The Dimensions of Perception (Experience)

    |EXPERIENCE| Physical(external intermaterial) > Perceptual (external-internal) > Emotional(internal) > Mental(imaginary) > Social(external interpersonal) ( … )

    The Real: Dimensions of Reality

    Now, how can we DESCRIBE the universe? With dimensions consisting of constant relations. Now, we are going to make frequent use of these terms ‘dimension’ and ‘dimensions’. And the most simple constant relation we know of is mathematics: the study of positional relations:

    0-Point (Referent)(Identity, anchor referent)(quantity) 1-Line (Distance)(Relations) 2-Area (Ideal)(Sets) 3-Object (Ideal Object) (Space) 4-Time (Velocity) (Change) 5 – N – Pure Relations (Concepts/Categories) 6 – N vs. N’ Relations, (Forces) (Equilibria) 7 – N vs. N’ Intermediate Relations, (Symmetries) 8 – N vs N’ relations between symmetries (Paradigms) 9 – (N vs N’)’ recursive hierarchies of symmetries ad infinitum. (Reality) And we have mathematical techniques for such dimensions.

    0 – Correspondence (referents, identity) 1 – Positional names, Arithmetic, Accounting. (counting) 2 – Mathematics and algebra (Ratios) 3 – Geometry (Space) 4 – Calculus, Finance, Economics. (Change) 5 – Algebraic Geometry (Math of sets of constant relations) 6 – Physics (equilibration) 7 – Lie Groups, (Symmetries, Externalities, Future of Economics) (8 – Grammars) (9 – Paradigms) (stories) (Semantics) (10 – Fictions) (11 – Ideals ) (12 – Dreams) And that we have discovered mathematical techniques for the preservation of constant relations in increasing layers of complexity …. The Dimensions of RelationsDimensions of Meaning: Geometry of Thought, Speech, and Argument (try to explain) (how the mathematical dimensions and the verbal dimension and paradigms and stories…. It’s all dimensions) From any given point, there are an infinite number of vectors. All thoughts can be represented geometrically. But like Mandelbrot’s Fractals, they are not calculable by man, only computable by machines. However, the underlying symmetries (shapes) will be consistent across contexts, for the simple reason that grammars are consistent across contexts (paradigms).

    THE DIMENSIONAL GRAMMARS

    The Periodic Table Of Speech

    |GRAMMARS| Deflationary Grammars < Ordinary Grammars > Inflationary Grammars.Grammars: Overcoming the Problem of Human Scale (necessary because of computational limitations) Use of external resources to render commensurable that which is beyond our abilities. Deflationary Grammars (decidable)

    • Logic of Differences (identity)
    • The Logic of Continuous Relations, Logic of Sets (categories)
    • The Logic of Counting: Counting, Arithmetic, Accounting.
    • The Logic of Positional Relations (measurement): Mathematics (all of it), Equilibrium mathematics (constant relations)
    • The Logic of Algorithms – Computers, simulations (automation)
    • The Logic of Transformations: Physics, chemistry, biology, sentience, reason (transformations)
    • The Logic of Reciprocity, Law, Contract (cooperation) and Economics
    • The Logic of Science: Science, Reporting, Testimony (testimony)

    Ordinary Grammars (practical) So we can at least include these Ordinary Language grammars.

    • Formal or Written
    • Ordinary Conversational (in the commons)
    • Idiomatic Varies by Region, class, discipline, and occupation.

    Inflationary Grammars (meaningful)

    • Narration
    • Story (grammar of stories)
    • Fiction (grammar of fiction)

    Deception Grammars (Under, over, and false loading)

    • Intentional avoidance of due diligence
    • Bias and Wishful thinking,
    • Obscurantism,
    • Suggestion,
    • Fictionalisms

    Conflationary (Fraud) Grammars (overloading, frauds)

    • Pseudoscience ( conflation of magic and technology)
    • Psuedo-rationalism (Pilpul and Critique), (Justificationism en Closure)
    • Pseudo-mythology (conflation of history and myth as well as wisdom and law, as well as real and supernatural)
    • Occult (experiential Fiction)

    The Periodic Table of Grammars

    (Poster Size) Figure 1 The Periodic Table of GrammarsNote: The table is too large for inclusion in this book, in any readable form, but is available online at https://propertarianinstitute.com/grammars where you can download a PDF version, or order a poster online.

    Reorganizing Our Categories of Language

    Semantics Are Limited by and Subordinate To Grammars

    Now Let’s Look at the Rest of Communication Now, Just as mathematics consists in the study of constant relations, at increasing numbers of dimensions, we can perform the same analysis for all other forms of communication. And we will see how all our grammars are organized by the very same means – the organization of constant relations. And then how some deflate relations, so me preserve relations, some inflate relations, some conflate relations. And as such we will see how we use these various grammars to communicate the entire spectrum of reality from the existential to the imaginary. Language –   all same enough that they reflect a common set of abilities and limits of the human brain.   SVO, SOV, VSO, but in all cases we describe states of subjects or changes in states of subjects, and we combine this little stories into ever increasingly complex sentences, paragraphs and stories, and we weave these stories into paradigms and then into networks of paradigms, and those networks of paradigms and stories provide us with context, and that content lessens the computational cost of composing stories, paragraphs, sentences, phrases, and sub-stories consisting of descriptions of state or changes in state – and attach to those stories some value or other. And therefore assist us in making decisions from the most casual and unconscious to the most deliberative and calculative. Context and Precision: Ordinary language varies from formal, meaning low context and high precision, to common to idiomatic, meaning high context low precision. The lower the precision the higher the context the more suggestion is created by the speaker and the more substitution is required of the audience. Dialects. Within languages we create Dialects – regional, class, and occupational. These vary in paradigms, vocabulary, values, morphology and phonology, but most often preserve the same syntax: rules of sentence construction. Across these dialects, and across all languages and dialects, we have produced various technological variations in grammar (paradigm?), meaning rules of word and sentence construction, which in turn limit the vocabulary, the paradigm, the logic within the paradigm, and the grammar and syntax of statements, sentences, paragraphs, arguments, stories and ever increasing stories within the paradigm. And Speech itself consists of a hierarchical repetition of increasing complexity:

    |Speech| Word > Phrase > Clause > Sentence(Subject + Predicate=Story) > Paragraph(story) > Grammar of Science > Grammar of Narrative > Grammar of Stories(Story) > Grammar of Story > Story, “all the way up”.Organizing Language So we can organize (or rather we have no choice but to organize) something like a hierarchy such as:

    1 – Universal Grammar: recursively limited differences, similarities in all available dimensions.

    2 – Dimensional Grammars (Dimensional Semantics?): Deflationary (real) < Ordinary (experiential) > Inflationary (Ideal) > Conflationary (supernatural)

    3 – Languages

    4 – Ordinary Language Grammars

    5 – Semantics (Paradigms)

    6 – Dialects

    7 – Idioms and expletives etc. Anglo Analytic deflationary and scientific as a reformation of law versus continental conflationary and philosophical as a reformation of religion. Deflationary Literature Markets versus Conflationary Literature Monopolies ( … )

    Meaning (Grammars of Meaning?)

    THE ART OF SUGGESTION

    The Two Faces of Suggestion ( … ) The transfer of knowledge is dependent upon at least ten “supply demand” curves. Such that the contract (exchange) of knowledge is a function of the costs involved in an exchange. In other words, some communication is low cost and some is worthwhile, and some is very costly, and some is prohibitively costly, and some is simply impossible no matter what is done. So transfer of knowledge is one of the most complex human endeavors in no small part because of high causal density with diverse means of increasing costs.

    |METHOD| Suggest > Communicate(illustrate) > Explain > Teach > Train(Repetition) > Saturate(Immersion)

    ie: Cost—>+

    |LEARNING| Learns through inference (145+) < Learns through Suggestion(135+) < Learns through Illustration (125+) < Learns through Explanation (115+) < Learns through Teaching (105+) < Learns through Training (95+) < Learns through Immersion (85+) < Learning challenged (85-)

    ie: Cost—>+

    |ABILITY| Same Sigma > .5 Sigma > 1 Sigma(helpful) > 1.5 Sigma > 2 Sigma (Difficult)> 2.5 Sigma > 3 Sigma(~Impossible) > 3.5 Sigma > 4 Sigma(~Inconceivable)

    ie: Cost—>+

    |CONTEXT| Enemies(resisting cooperation) > Negotiation (exploring cooperation) > Discovery (cooperation) > Pedagogy (education) > Court/Jury(dispute resolution)

    ie: Cost (Consequence) —>+

    |MODEL| Impulsive(emotive) > Intuitionistic(sympathetic) > Reasonable(verbal)* > Logical-Rational(internally consistent)* > Scientific(Externally consistent) > Ratio-Scientific (Internal and external) > Testimonial (Complete)

    ie: Cost—>+

    |PRIORS| Prior Technical Knowledge < Prior Specific Knowledge* < Prior General Knowledge < Limited General Knowledge

    ie: Cost—>+

    |CONTENT| Identical < Near Identical < Analogistic < Novel < Counter Intuitive < Counter Investment < Counter Status(signal) Investment

    ie: Cost—>+

    |TRUST| Suggestibility(False Positive) > Honest-Reasonable(Exchange Positive) > “Dunning Kruger(False Negative)”

    ie: Cost—>+

    |STRATEGY| Seeking to Understand > Seeking to Disagree > Seeking to Falsify > Seeking to Deny* > Denial.

    ie: Cost—>+

    |HONESTY| Intellectual honesty > Intellectual skepticism > Intellectual Dishonesty*.

    ie: Cost—>+ This (large) set of causal relations, illustrates the difficulty in the range of communication problems Suggesting > Communicating(illustrate) > Explaining > Teaching > Training(Repetition). And illustrates why it’s simply false to say that if one cannot understand it, one cannot explain it. Instead, it is, that all other causal axis being equal, one should be able to explain a phenomenon to a peer. But as the difference in peerage increases the problem of communication even if all participants are intellectually honest

    The Grammars

    We use different words for pretentious purposes – largely we don’t know better. So let’s clear up the difference between a religion, an ideology, a philosophy, a logic and a science.

    The NARRATIVES

    (STORY/CHANGE IN STATE/TRANSACTION)

    |NARRATIVE(Story)| Name > Change in State > Description > History (Recipe) > Idealism(Substitution) > Fiction(suggestion) > Myth > Supernatural > Occult > Free Association.WarfareWar is a scientific not emotional process. It is only the men at the bottom who need inspiration. And it is the foot-soldier at the bottom whose tenacity most determines a battle. So the relationship between the top and the bottom is necessary, and this is why non-martial polities cannot compete with martial polities – we fight together even if we conceptualize differently. Wisdom Literature (… ) Religion A Religion provides mindfulness – which is increasingly necessary outside of the simplicity of tribal life of hunter gatherers. Mindfulness increases trust and our ability to cooperate peacefully in larger and larger numbers. A religion provides not only decidability on social interactions, but mindfulness so that we can cope with stresses of all kinds in an increasingly uncertain world. A religion relies on an internally coherent set of rules, myths, rituals, and festivals, but its neither logical nor empirical. Mythology ( … ) Doctrines (Laws) ( … ) Oath ( … ) Costs (Rituals) ( … ) Feast ( … ) Festivals ( … ) – A RELIGION consists of any set of ideas of justification which require belief in, testimony to, or action according to, one or more falsehoods as a cost of inclusion and use. 1) A religion consists of a set of myths and rules the purpose of which is to resist outsiders, and to set limits on behavior or to be treated as an outsider and deprived of opportunity and insurance of the in-group. Hence most religions evolve with the weak, who have no means of competition except resistance and exclusion. Theology Belief A Belief, or a Set of Beliefs provides an individual or group with a strategy for achieving personal objectives, a set of methods of decidability, and a moral defense (rationalization ) for our behavior if we are criticized. Mythology (…) Myth – (INTERTEMPORAL) Wisdom Literature (in my opinion the proper forum for teaching wisdom) – Inflationary vocabulary, grammar, and reality. Ideology An Ideology provides an emotional incentive to act in favor of political change under democracy. An ideology provides political decidability for interest groups. An ideology relies upon correspondence with a prejudice, shared by a group with self-perceived common interests. It need not be either rational nor empirical, since the purpose of ideology, like religion, is to make logical and empirical criticism impossible – or at least too costly to prosecute. – AN IDEOLOGY consist of any set of ideas that agitate, motivate, or inspire achievement of political ends under majoritarian (monopoly) democracy. An ideology need not be internally consistent externally correspondent, or existentially possible. It need only motivate individuals to act in furtherance of policy. 2) An ideology consists of a set of ideas the purpose of which is to excite subclasses to act under democracy to obtain political power. Ideologies are used to obtain followers. Likewise followers, follow ideologies. Hence most ideologies if not all ideologies are lower and working class ideologies, and most followers from the lower and working classes.

    Philosophy

    3) A philosophical system provides criteria for making judgments in the pursuit of preferences. Philosophies are used to obtain peers. Likewise peers seek philosophies with which to pursue preferences together with their peers. hence all philosophies are class philosophies, and most philosophies are middle class philosophies. A Philosophy provides a coherent JUSTIFICATIONARY system of decidability within a domain of interest. Philosophy relies upon tests of internal consistency we call logical grammars. A Philosophy need be internally consistent, non contradictory, coherent, even if only marginally correspondent to reality. A philosophy answers the questions of preference and good. In practice it is very hard to claim that philosophy has practiced the pursuit of truth. (more harm appears to have been done by novelists, philosophers an prophets than good, and more good by historians and scientists than harm. We can easily claim that philosophy has practiced the pursuit of choice and decidability. But if we claim philosophy has sought to produce truth we would have a harder time demarcating between science and philosophy. And my understanding of the point of demarcation between science and philosophy is the difference between choice and decidability – or rather the preferable and the good versus the true. And as you will discover, my understanding is that the velocity of human existential transcendence – meaning the development of human agency both physical, emotional, and intellectual, and both individual and cooperative – is dependent upon the difference between the decidable truth and the practiced falsehoods. As such I separate the grammars, from the operations, from the testimonies, from the fictions. Meaning that I separate logical grammars of testimony, from operational recipes such as the sciences, from wisdom literature such as histories, from the literature of persuasion and conflict we call philosophies, fictions, and religions. In this sense while I have combined philosophy, law, science, logic, and grammar into a single commensurable language, you will find that I frequently criticize those who have done all the damage to this world, with little contribution to the good of it. And in that sense I will come across as an anti-philosopher of sorts who has appropriated some of the content of philosophy while excoriating vast categories of it, as dishonest, manipulative, and harmful to man. – A PHILOSOPHY consists of any set of internally consistent ideas of decidability which justify pursuit of personal preferences or group goods. And so: If we define philosophy (positive and literary) as the search for methods of decidability within a domain of preference, and If we define truth (negative and descriptive) as the search for methods of decidability across all domains regardless of preference. Then: We find that positive or literary philosophy(fiction or philosophy) informs, suggestsopportunities, and justifies preferences for the purpose of forming cooperation and alliances between individuals and groups. We find that negative or juridical philosophy(truth or law) decides, states limits, and discounts preferences, for the purpose of resolving conflicts between individuals and groups. The Natural Law of Reciprocity, is a negative, descriptive, juridical science, not a fictional literature.

    Literature

    A Fiction (Story) Now, you wouldn’t assume that there exists a formal grammar to the structure of narratives but there is. And it consists of just ‘changes in state, all the way up.’ Just as reality consists of changes in state of dimensions. And if we look at Fiction (Stories) we see many permutations of changes in state: nothing more than sequences of changes in state. (re: Vonnegut). And only three endings: Happy, Unhappy, and Tragedy. |ENDINGS| Happy > Unhappy > Tragedy And only six paths to combine to achieve those endings: 1) “Rags to Riches” (rise – a rise in happiness), 2) “Tragedy”, or “riches to rags” (fall – a fall in happiness), 3) “Man in a hole” (fall–rise), 4) “Icarus” (rise–fall), 5) “Cinderella” (rise–fall–rise) 6) “Oedipus” (fall–rise–fall) |PLOTS | Fall-Rise-Fall < Fall-Rise < Fall < |STATE| > Rise > Rise-Fall > Rise-Fall-Rise. And a number of ( … ) So our language consists of not much more than the names (references) and changes in state of some set of marginally indifferent constant relations, using some combination of physical, emotional, and intellectual senses. And we can create increasingly complex words that themselves constitute micro-paradigms. And in doing so weave together extraordinarily complex sets of categories, relations, changes in state – where one of those changes in state is our ‘value’ – generally expressed as an emotional response.

    A History

    SPEECH

    • A Story
    • A Chapter
    • A Sentence
    • A Phrase
    • A Word
    • A Sound
    • A Narrative (Story, Recipe)
    • A Description (Story) Present
    • A Testimony (story) past.

    A Narration ( … ) A Description ( … ) Testimony A Testimony provides a warranty of due diligence against ignorance, error, bias, wishful thinking, suggestion, obscurantism, Fictionalism, and deceit. A testimony answers questions of liability against falsehood.

    • Only sentient beings can make truth claims because only sentient beings can give testimony.
    • All truth claims can and must exist as testimony.
    • A truth claim can be false (disagreeable)

    Testimonial or Complete Science – operationalism. Ordinary Language ( … ) Traditions A Traditional OrderofHabits (or group evolutionary strategy) provides a group with an evolutionary strategy necessary for survival and in the world and competition against others with different strategies. They consist at least, in a portfolio of metaphysical value judgments and carriers (users) of these habits rarely if ever understand or are even aware of, alternatives to these prejudices. Norms A Normative Order of Habits provides a group with means of preserving the traditional order within the current demographic, social, economic, political, and military context. This set of habits need not be understood, coherent, rationally articulated but merely practiced. They consist, at least, in manners, ethics, morals, and laws. – MARKET, TRADITION, NORM, HABIT consist of … (Demonstrated results…) Laws: Commands, Legislations 5) A legal system provides a means of resolving differences so that a group can cooperate in the production of generations, goods and services. Legal systems are used to rule others. But require strength to enforce. Hence most legal systems are the product of the upper classes that rule by force, and make use of scientific, philosophical, ideological, and religious systems to speak to classes while ruling them with law and violence. Natural Law ( … ) (Record of conflicts settled…) – NATURAL LAW of RECIPROCITY (Tort), was produced scientifically (empirically) by trial and error, through the resolution of disputes across personal preferences, group goods, norms, traditions, and intuitions, cumulating always and everywhere that decidability is provided by property, and property consists in the demonstrated investment of human action or inaction anything whether genetic, material, behavioral, or informational. A Discipline or Field of Study (Network of Paradigms) 4) A scientific system provides for making truthful (true) statements for the description of operations (transformations instate). Scientific systems are used to decide, create, invent, and to provide power over nature and man. Hence, science . Hence science is a largely professional or upper middle class philosophy. A specialization in the division of labor in the market for the production of knowledge. (usually a difference in operations and scale)

    • A Demonstration (reality)
    • A Recipe (protocol…)
    • An Action
    • An Input, Output

    Science

    • A Paradigm in Science or ‘-ism’ in Philosophy, provides a system of decidability in an area of exploration, investigation, and research.   Either a network of theories or justifications that are used to make decisions in pursuit of research. Wherever possible I choose the scientific term because it is less likely to have been inflated and conflated. And I have chosen the term paradigm for that reason.
    • An Hypothesis
    • A Theory(Story, Opportunity, Search Algorithm) – A Test (Warranty) against Impossibility
    • A theory of possibility by falsification
    • A Law

    Science, Physical Science, or Empiricism (deflation) of imagination, but absent operations. (Search for Laws(avgs) and Operations(causes)) A Science provides a CRITICAL means of decidability across all domains regardless of convention, interest or preference (Philosophy, Norm, Religion, or Ideology). A Science relies in the very least, upon tests of:

    • Categorical consistency, i.e. all differences
    • Internal (logical) consistency, i.e. all logics (Deflationary Grammars)
    • External (empirical) consistency, and (Correlative)
    • Existential (operational) consistency,

    Under Propertarianism (Testimonialism) it must also include tests of

    • Rational consistency (rational choice), and
    • Reciprocal consistency (reciprocity of rational choice).

    And we require limits.

    • Scope consistency (full accounting),
    • Parsimony (Deflation), and
    • Commensurable Consistency(Coherence).

    – A SCIENCE consists of any set of ideas that provide decidability independent of personal preference or group goods, by the systematic elimination of ignorance, error, bias, wishful thinking, suggestion, obscurantism, Fictionalism, and deceit, by the use of measurement and record of actions – demonstrations versus words.

    TRANSFORMATIONS

    Physics, Engineering, Chemistry, Biology, Medicine, Protocols (… )

    CALCULATIONS

    Algorithms, Accounting, Mathematics, and Logic Algorithms (Processes)

    • A Simulation (program)
    • An Algorithm (Procedure)
    • A Calculation (transformation of inputs into outputs) but with deduction.

    Accounting (Transactions)

    • A Balance Sheet
    • An Income Statement
    • A General Ledger
    • A Ledger
    • A Journal
    • An Entry
    • An inventory item.

    Mathematics (Measurements)

    • A Model (mathematic)
    • A Computation (lacking deduction) (information is closed)
    • A Formula

    – MATHEMATICS consists of a deflationary grammar of decidability consisting purely of competition between positional names under the preservation of ratios providing a single axis of decidability: position, but in N dimensions, providing commensurability between any set of positional relations of any number of dimensions. The Logics (words)

    • A Proposition
    • An Axiom
    • A Statement
    • A Proof (Operations, Cost, Recipe) – A Test (Warranty) of Possibility

    A proof of possibility by construction. ( … ) A proof of internal consistency ( … ) – A LOGIC consists of any deflationary grammar of decidability that assists in the falsification by competition of one or more constant relations between states. (Note that one proves nothing logically other than internal consistency, because all premises of external correspondence are forever contingent.) The Logics. We use the word logic ‘loosely’, I have to get across the difference between the multiple uses of the term: The Rationalisms (Justificationisms)

    • A Justification
    • A Statement
    • An Argument

    Rationalism is often contrasted with empiricism. The empiricist view holds that all ideas come to us a posterior through experience; either through the external senses or through such inner sensations as pain and gratification. The empiricist essentially believes that knowledge is based on or derived directly from experience. The rationalist believes we come to knowledge a priori – through the use of logic – and is thus independent of sensory experience. Rationalism consists of adopting one of these three claims

    1. The Intuition/Deduction Thesis,
    2. The Innate Knowledge Thesis, or
    3. The Innate Concept Thesis.

    In addition, rationalists can choose to adopt the claims of Indispensability of Reason and or the Superiority of Reason – although one can be a rationalist without adopting either thesis. Logic (formal grammar of decidability) Logic, via-positiva, consists of the use of deflation, organization, and competition to test the survivability of statements) which ( scientifically), consists in the preservation of constant relations in the differences in dimensions available to human action, perception, and experience. Those constant relations are possible because of a deterministic (non-random) universe – at least at various scales. Conversely, via-negativa, we can say that the function of logic is to eliminate ignorance, error, bias, assumption of knowledge, wishful thinking, suggestion, obscurantism, and deceit from our free associations. Which I’m sure is a mouthful. A logic requires at least:

    • The assumption of deterministic Universe (constant relations) within the scope(limits) of the context.
    • Constant Referents (Names)
    • A competition between the properties, relation and values two or more referents.
    • Preservation of Constant relations by grammar
    • Commensurability (or network of commensurability) of referents
    • Transformation Operators
    • Comparison operators
    • At least ternary logic || Incomparable > Undecidable > Contingent > True(not false) > False (highest certainty is falsehood)
    • For proofs, only Binary Logic: Unknown or False > True for purpose of deduction. Note that falsehood has greater certainty than truth.

    Arbitrary(Normative) or Descriptive(Necessary)? Is a logic – a means of preserving constant relations – Axiomatic and Arbitrary in a Meaningful Paradigm,? Or is it Natural Law and Correspondent in an Existential Paradigm? If descriptive, what dimensions of reality can we identify?

    • Logic of Differences (logic proper)
    • Logic of Categories of Constant Relations (cumulative differences) (identity)
    • Logic of Constant Positional Relations (mathematics)
    • Logic of Physical (Natural) Operations (changes in state/time)
    • Logic (Operations) of Physical Human Action
    • Logic (Operations) of Incentives using Property in Toto
    • Logic (Operations) of Cooperation using Reciprocity
    • Logic (Operations) of Contingent Relations(Language)
    • Logic (Operations) Of Testimony given all of the above. (coherence, scope, limits, parsimony)

    A Formal Logic. (I’m going to define formal logic as a dimensionally limited grammar – a grammar which limits vocabulary by limiting semantics).  Formal logic consists of the study of inference with purely formal content. An inference possesses a purely formal content if it can be expressed as a particular application of a wholly abstract rule, that is, a rule that is not about any particular thing or property. In many definitions of logic, logical inference and inference with purely formal content are the same. This does not render the notion of informal logic vacuous, because no formal logic captures all of the nuances of natural language. We can identify at least two uses of formal logic:

    • The construction of discursive proof (or possibility of construction) or disproof about the world using the logic of internal consistency through exclusive reliance on argumentative closure.   Mathematics, Law, and Norms rely upon justificationary reasoning. (Science, like evolution, does not. It relies on survivability whether we can explain the causes or not).
    • Philosophical Logic, Rationalism or Justificationism: The use of Textualism (interpretation) for the interpretation of scripture and law (Pilpul, Interpretation). Generally the attempt at closure rather than appeal to the next higher dimension where there is more information. Non contradiction can be seen as a variation of the liar’s paradox.

    To interpret legal precedent or legislation without return to the legislature or judge of record – in which case, again, the construction of said sentences constituted a failure of the authors to produce grammatically complete sentences – or the attempt by prosecutor, defense, and judge to create new law. To interpret Scripture or other Wisdom Literature under the pretext that it consists of law, history, or science, or any kind of truth – in which case, like interpreting the law, we see only a failure of the authors to produce grammatically complete sentences, open to current knowledge, and we seek to create what is not there. To construct deceptions by appeals to authority by making use of the ignorance of the audience, the malice of the interpreter, and, once again, the failure of the authors to produce grammatically complete sentences (and paragraphs). Much of our time will be spent falsifying and replacing the …. Symboliclogic consists of the study of symbolic abstractions that capture the formal features of logical inference. Symbolic logic is often divided into two main branches: propositional logic and predicate logic. We can think of modal and propositional logic as ….. Mathematicallogic consists in of extension of symbolic logic into other areas, in particular to the study of model theory, proof theory, set theory, and recursion theory.”— A Turing, Programmatic, or Algorithmic Logic: The addition of control structure differentiates programmatic logic from mathematical logic. As a consequence the problem of closure increases by the addition of the halting problem.  Logic of Language: The study of the rules of language, the rules of logic and the rules of grammar, and how grammar and syntax function to produce logical statements for the simple reason that what we think of as logic – differences, within a sentence – is reasonably intuitive to us, even if that logic fails us in the comprehension of arguments (and deceits). Syntax is the study of sentences and their structure, and the constructions within sentences. Syntax tells us what goes where in a sentence. Grammar is the general term referring to the set of rules in a given language including syntax , morphology, phonology, while syntax studies sentence structures. My preference would be to improve clarity, by redefining grammar as phonology(sounds) and morphology (words), and Syntax for Sentences. So that I could speak of Vocabulary and Syntax. (hmmm….)   Because a language consists of vocabulary consisting of morphology and phonology, organized into sentences through syntax. (hmmm….) Modal Logic – we can think of as the symbolic logic of grammar – qualification or refinement. I think of it as the logic of verb properties. To discover the operations and therefore universal grammar of human beings through analysis of language. In this sense, the study of such grammars constitutes an investigatory cognitive science. I rely on cognitive science, (neural networks and the structure of the brain) for most of my work. And so I see logic as nothing more than our ability to determine differences. But when those differences are organized into a language we develop this wonderful thing called grammar: the organization of the flow of information between individuals according to predictable rules. Language is an interesting problem because it’s serialized and very parsimonious and informationally dense, even if it can easily informationally imprecise, ranging from burdensome low context and high precision, to lazy high context and low precision. Yet our minds produce a continuous stream of possibilities that we must transform into that which can be communicated serially in speech. Investigation of the brain: The use of language to study of cognitive ability of the human brain – and perhaps all brains, given the vocabulary, and the grammatical and syntactical rules the speaker is capable of. Investigation of reality: The use of language, including semantics (meaning), vocabulary , grammar, phonology, morphology and syntax to investigate reality. This is the ‘verbal’ and primacy of reason strategy. And it is in contrast with the scientific and engineering investigation of reality, by investigation of actions. As we will see later on when we discuss the table of grammars, the various disciplines all have produced deflated vocabularies, deflationary grammar, and syntax that identifiably if not predictably reflect reality. Conversely, there exist some disciplines that reflect only fictions. And not surprisingly, those fictions exist largely in the pseudosciences we refer to as social science. So as an empirical judgment it is very hard to suggest that these grammars are fictional or arbitrary, and very difficult to deny that our language – at least Germanic languages – reflect and therefore allow us to represent the various dimensions of reality. As a side note, I was fairly hostile to the philosophy of language producing any result until I’d read kripke. And I have found that language does reflect reality – because cognitive science, analysis of language, and physical science have shown me so. But because I am principally concerned with the elimination of error, bias, and especially deceit, leaving us only truthful voluntary cooperation and exchange, I remain hostile to it for empirical reasons. Which is the next topic (empirical differences). Empirical difference between the two ….. Informal Logic: The use of Vocabulary, Grammar, Logic(Logic Cognitive Bias, and Fallacy), Correspondence, Ethics, Morality and Rhetoric for the production and falsification of arguments.  –“Informal logic is the study of natural language arguments. The study of fallacies is an important branch of informal logic. Since much informal argument is not strictly speaking deductive – on some conceptions of logic, informal logic is not logic at all.”—

    TypeSituation Arguers’ GoalDialogue Goal
    DiscoveryNeed for ExplanationFind a HypothesisTest a Hypo- thesis
    InformationNeed InformationAcquire InfoExchange Info
    EducationTransfer InfoShared Understanding
    JustificationNeed to Have ProofVerify EvidenceProve Hypothesis
    DeliberationPractical ChoiceFit Goals and ActionsDecide Action
    PersuasionConflict of OpinionPersuade Other PartyResolve Issue
    NegotiationSearch for common InterestsSecure InterestsSettle Issue
    ProsecutionConflict in FactExpose the other PartyCessation, Punishment or restitution
    TestimonyWarranty of Due Diligence against conflictObtain and preserve unearned premium or discountElimination of retaliation, punishment, restitution via truth
    DeceptionReciprocity, Conflict, Punishment AvoidanceFraudDeceive via falsehood
    DistributionUndermine Opponents interestsPoisoning the wellOpportunity for increase in conflict
    EristicAvoid argumentAttack an Opponent, or interestsPreserve Conflict

    Table 1 Table of Dialog Conditions and Goals

    Closure

    The Problem of Closure: There Isn’t Any. Closure. Close or Not Closed (Open). The question of closure. Given a set S, grammar G, and set of operations O, all operations O in that grammar G, upon that set S, will produce a member of that set S in grammar G.   In formal logic, it refers to that output set that can be deduced from the given input set. For reasons I won’t go into here, very few systems of operations and values are closed. In fact, only the most reductive (simple) systems can be. Closure is important for at least these six reasons.

    1. that arguments or proofs in any simple system (sets, grammar, and operations) must be solved by appeal to a containing system (sets, grammar, and operations) – or rather system using more information than available in the current system. You will see me use the problem of closure to explain testimonial truth, and to undermine philosophical rationalism, just as we have undermined theological rationalism.
    2. That closure creates one form of symmetry (shape), but that all sets of operations on all sets produce symmetries because of the variations in the sets, and variations in the possible combinations of operations.
    3. Language is not closed. I hate this non operational term, but “discrete infinity” refers to the property of such things as language to produce an infinite set of discrete sound combinations – at least within sets of paradigmatic assumptions about the world.
    4. That the mind is able to identify symmetries, and produce paradigms, of ever increasing scales, as long as those scales are reducible – even if thru training – to an analogy to experience that are commensurable within our senses, and where we can compare differences and therefore make decisions with.
    5. As such while the set of operations possible within the physical universe is limited, there is no limit to what man can understand through the creating of disciplines (paradigms) of commensurability.
    6. And the principle problem in our development is limiting the difference between our cognitive biases and the state of our knowledge, and those symmetry’s for which we can produce paradigms that are possible and or useful within the universe. But otherwise our ability to understand and manipulate the universe is limited only by our ability to develop means of harnessing the energy to take actions that produce transformations.

    Knowledge is never closed because of the cognitive window of action at any given scale of knowledge. As such, Language is never closed. It may be true that we can know the full set of operations possible in the existing universe at each cumulative scale. But, assuming we possess the ability to harness increasing scales of energy, then what we might be able to construct in this universe through though physical, intuitionistic, rational, calculative, and computational means is …. As far as I can tell, not closed. What is closed, and what is measurable, is the information necessary to cause change in state in the human mind. I am not quite sure, but Nassim Taleb seems to have been struggling to discover this value, although, like me, he has finally come around to warranty rather than measurement – and I think the search is futile at any scale other than the one he has already produced (meaning, logarithmic or big, and therefore economically impossible) if for no other reason than the information sets available to us are not sufficient. Yet when we develop general artificial intelligence we will develop some measure or other of that information. If I had another life to live I might work on that problem. It’s interesting. So while the volume of information necessary for humans to identify opportunities for changes in state may remain constant, the use of increasingly complex concepts preserves that ability regardless of scale. More on this later. As such, it is not clear that we will experience any ‘limit’ to cognition as long as – like every other scale of the universe – new symmetries (meaning objects of consideration) never cease to emerge.

    THE PATTERN

    Fields, Symmetries, and Generations Given a six sided die, and the single operation “roll the die”, we can produce a noisy distribution of : 1(x1), 2(x1), 3(x1), 4(x1), 5(x1), 6(x1). Given two six sided dice, and the single operation “roll the dice and sum the results”, we can produce a noisy distribution of: 2(x1), 3(x2), 4(x3), 5(x4), 6(x5), 7(x6), 8(x5), 9(x4), 10(x3), 11(x2), 12(x1). The difference between the one-die and two-die distributions is that while the results of rolling one die are equidistributed between 1 and 6, with two dice the results of rolling can produce more combinations that sum to 7 than there are that sum to 2 and 12, and therefor the results are normally distributed: in a bell curve. We can produce the same results with logic instead of numbers: For example, we can take the two words “Even” and “Odd”, and define two operations: “addition” and “multiplication”. Then apply the operations to all pairs: Even + Even = Even, Even + Odd = Odd + Even = Odd, Odd + Odd = Even, Even x Even = Even x Odd = Odd x Even = Even, Odd x Odd = Odd. (… geometric, scalar vectors … from every point, infinite points….) And we can produce the same set of results with any grammatically correct operations on a set, given the operations possible on the set; including the set of Ordinary Language using ordinary language grammar. Although, unlike our simple examples using dice, the set of combinations of ordinary language is not closed, and so the number of combinations is infinite. So any grammar applied to a set, allows us to produce a distribution of results, and a density (frequency) of results. In mathematics this result set is called a ‘field’. A field consists of all the possible results of a set of operations on a set’s members, that are selected from the range of possible operations on those set members. So in any set of results there will be a range of very dense, less dense, sparse, and empty spaces in the set’s distribution. Constructability Now those ‘holes’ in the distribution are notconstructible with the set and operations available to us. So, not everything can be described using the set with the available operations in every grammar. Conversely, we can create a set of operations describing those symmetries (patterns), whether we are referring to holes or densities. There are things we cannot say then. But by and large, nearly anything we can say that consists of constant relations between existence, perception, cognition, and action, is possible to say – if we possess the knowledge. And conversely: that which does not consist of constant relations between existence, perception, cognition, and action can be said but not said constructively: meaning operationally. So that is why people resort to those terms that are not operational: to compensate for your lack of knowledge, to compensate for their lack of knowledge, to levy pretense of knowledge when they do not possess it, or to deceive despite possessing that knowledge. Deducibility |Estimating| Description > Deduction > Induction > Abduction > Guessing > Free Association. In fact, the virtue of fields is that they assist us in finding those symmetries – albeit with a lot of work. That’s because some results are neither constructible or deducible from a construction, except by via-negativa trial and error. (Limits of Deduction) Symmetries as Externalities In most if not all of these sets, we will discover symmetries (patterns), including patterns of density and patterns of emptiness, and then patterns of relations between those patterns. These holes and densities consist of the consequences of the operations we performed on the set of references we’ve chosen. So, for example, when we make purchases with money, and observe the resulting financial and economic data, there are patterns within the consequences of the operation we call ‘exchange’ of the set ‘goods and services’. Those consequences appear as patterns in the financial and economic data – as a pattern of holes, distributions, and densities, that we call price, volume, profit, and loss. And so for the sake of discussion, I’m going to adopt the term externalities from the discipline of economics to describe those unintended or accidental patterns that emerge from the operations we call ‘transactions’ on the set of ‘goods, services and information’. Meaning that Externalities consist of Symmetries produced by our economic cooperation. It’s these externalities (for example, losses, and profits) that as a consequence determine the behavior of businesses, then industries, then markets – not the individual transactions. The Natural World: Generations of Operations At this moment we do not yet understand the fundamental Forces of the universe. But we have discovered a set of the fundamental Particles that those forces produce. And, of those particles that have mass, we have a fairly deep understanding of the Elements (Matter) in the periodic table of elements, that those particles that have mass produce. We have at least scratched the surface of the Molecules that those elements can combine produce. We have barely scratched the surface of the Organic Molecules that those elements can produce. We have only recently begun to understand how those molecules construct organs of Life. We increasingly understand how RNA and DNA construct life forms, although the complexity of that process is so vast that we can spot only correlations not yet operations. It is questionable how much we understand of sentience and consciousness or speech processing, but an understanding of reason, calculation and computation are available through introspection. Universe > Forces > Particles > Elements > Molecules > Organic Molecules > Life(cells) > Sentience > Consciousness > Speech > Reason > Calculation > Computation And Assumptions (Metaphysics) > Psychology (Acquisition) > Sociology(Cooperation) > ( Norms > Traditions > Laws) > Markets > Informal Institutions > Politics(formal institutions) > Education(Religion) > Group Strategy(War) At each stage of complexity, some set of possible operations produces potentials (densities) for yet another set of possible operations, as well as weaker distributions and holes that do not provide opportunities for yet another set of operations. So for the sake of our discussion we’re going to refer to each stage as an Operational Generation. Operational Generations as Disciplines The various Sciences (disciplines) mirror these Operational Generations. Each discipline seeks to discover the operations and sets (objects, states) that complete the grammar of the discipline. (Categories, properties, relations, values, and Operations, and Externalities (Symmetries)). Commensurability Across Grammars Unfortunately, some of these disciplines are very old – like mathematics – and some are quite new – like genetics. Some are fairly scientific (chemistry most of all) and some are merely storytelling if not outright deceits (psychology and sociology). In mathematics we find archaic (supernatural) terms left over from Mathematical Platonism. In the sciences we use awkward non-operational names for phenomenon and processes – often peoples names. In economics we use the term ‘rents and rent-seeking’ for what is a form of parasitism or corruption. In psychology and sociology the terms are by and large no better than fairy tale fictions with no basis in science whatsoever. By converting the terminology in each discipline to purely operational prose, we create commensurability across disciplines. And with that commensurability we can rapidly improve the ease of learning them. We can identify that which they claim to understand but do not. And identify what they claim that is outright false.

    OPERATIONAL GRAMMAR

    Operational grammar leaves holes. Operations Language Continuous recursive disambiguation resulting in a series of transactions, culminating in a contract for meaning. Convergence In this era, as in prior eras, the world has been converging on common weights and measures: the common languages of science, of technology, of business, of contract of accounting rules, a common trade law – at least at the international level of cooperation. The current financial system of fiat money, central banks, and reserves, allows relative commensurability of worldwide trade. However, those convergences tend to occur both within and across commercial and legal fields, but only within fields – thereby preserving incommensurability of language across all fields. And within fields they converge on old habits that preserve obscurant language.

    SOME OF OUR MODELS ARE WRONG: THEY ARE DISCONTIGUOUS WITH REALITY

    Metaphysics Logic MathematicsPsychology (acquisitionism)Sociology (propertarianism)Economics Law (Natural law of reciprocity)Politics (the production of commons)Strategy (group competitive strategy)Religion ( production of commensurability)

    EXPLANATION

    Current knowledge ….. my understanding….. Constant vs contingent vs inconsistent vs non-relations. Recursive Continuous Disambiguation vs Scale of Set of Constant Relations(density) Cumulation of association vs falsification of associations Computational efficiency. State Persistence vs breadth search, vs depth search We cannot know the intelligence of distant ancestors. Planning a series of steps in sequence must emerge – which requires recursion. Consciousness must emerge, meaning, the ability to compare states. Cooperation must emerge, meaning, the ability to empathize with intent. At some point we must develop sufficient computational ability to manipulate our bodies in some way that allows for unambiguous communication, or a means of continuous disambiguation, that is fast enough for one another to make use of in real time, and easy enough for one another to retain. And at some point, given sufficient computational ability, memory, and state persistence independent of recursion, language must emerge. At some point the value of such communication much be such that the cost of it is offset by the rewards of it. And we should see a cliff in history where there is a dramatic change when we did develop those abilities. And we do see it – rather recently. But language requires a system of measurement. The system of measurement is limited by our senses. And as such meaning refers to a set of measurements, eventually reducible to analogies to human experience. So while semantic content (measurements) must vary from species to species, grammar (continuous recursive disambiguation) should be universal in the sense that it varies predictably with computational abilities. We can understand a child, a person with 60IQ, 70IQ and so on, up to 200+ IQ. But as far as I can tell the set of measurements (basis of semantics) remain the same, and all that changes is the scope of the state persisted, the depth of recursion, and the density and distance of relations, and the ability to model (forecast). In other words, simple people are in fact simply ‘more simple’ in the density of content of their semantics, use of grammar, and models (Stories) that they can construct with them. So universal grammar as a set of computational minimums and efficiencies, should always exist, and human universal grammar as universal grammar limited to human measurements (semantics), does exist. And any organism with sufficient computational (neural) capacity, should develop some means of communication using some variation of universal grammar, and some sense-perception – action dependent semantics.

  • The Method – Grammars

    GRAMMARS OF DECIDABILITY

    The Dimensions

    The Geometry of Our Grammars

    Now that we have completed our journey through creating Dimensions of Decidability using Deflation, Operationalization, Serialization, and Competition, we can:

    • Discover and enumerate the Dimensions extant in our Language.
    • Discover how those dimensions can be combined into Grammars of Decidability.
    • Discover how those grammars can be organized into a spectrum that covers every niche of human communication from physical, perceptual, emotional, intellectual, and imaginary – as well as deception.
    • Discover that our set of grammars illustrate a hierarchy of patterns in the physical universe – and that our understanding of that pattern and our grammars are very nearly complete.
    • Discover that our Language consists of :
      • Continuous Recursive Disambiguation in Real Time (Serial Speech)
      • Using Some Set of Analogies to Experience (Words)
      • Resulting in Transactions (Sentences)
      • That produce Contracts for Meaning (Stories)
      • Within some Set of Dimensions (Physical, Experiential, Imaginary)
    • And that opportunity for Deception (Frauds, Fictions, Fictionalisms) is ever-present.
    • But by limiting our speech (prose) to Operational Grammar ( using constant relations between reality, perceptions, cognition, actions, and consequences), or what we traditionally call “Testimony”, all statements are both objectively and subjectively testable, thereby providing extremely limited opportunity for error, bias, and deceit.
    • And by performing Due Diligence, for consistency, correspondence, existential possibility, rationality of choice, reciprocity, completeness and coherence;
    • We force a Competition for Coherence by which we expose our ignorance and can Warranty our speech is as free of error, bias, and deceit as is possible given our current language knowledge.

    Geometry of Decidability

    (…) (the via negativa pzzle pcs)

    Dimensions Present in our Vocabulary

    Next, we can examine our vocabulary and organize the terms into a series of categories.

    |WORD| > Name(Noun) > Action(Verb) > Relations > Agreements > Noise Words > Code Words. And within each category of word we find multiple dimensions.

    |Name(Noun)| : Proper(Person > Thing > Place > Idea > Perception(sense) > Emotion(value)) > Common (categorical) > Compound > Pronoun > Clarifier (Determiner/Measure) > Property(adjective) >

    |State| State > Event > Action > Experience > Thought

    |Person| First > Second > Third > Abstract

    |Gender| Female < Young Female < Neutral > Young Male > Male.

    |Possession|- Possession (‘s – “apostrophe s” in English) (“Can Own”) > (“Can be owned”) > (Cannot be owned”)

    |Number|- Unique > Countable > Collection/Mass(not worth counting) > Uncountable.

    |Perception|- Concrete(observable 5 Senses) > Emotions(Feelings) > Ideas(Abstr.)

    Or: |Experience| Perceivable > Experience-able > Imaginable

    |Action(Verb)| > Action Property(adverb) > Action Clarifier(Phrasal Verbs) >

    |Knowledge| Unknown > Believed > Known > Undeniable > Tautological

    |Ownership| Undiscovered > Unconvertible > Unconverted > “Homesteaded”(Worked) > Possessed(Fact) > Consensual Property (Agreement) > Normative Property (Habit) > Property Right (Insured by third party) > inalienable(life, memory, imagination, Emotion)

    |Possibility| Impossibility > Contingency(Might) > Possibility(Can) > Necessity(Shall).

    |Permissibility| Impermissible > Permissible(May) > Obligatory(Must).

    |Temporality| Always Been > Has been > is Currently > Will Be > Will Always Be.

    |Gain or Loss| Gain < Neutral > Loss

    |Decidability| Incommensurable > Undecidable > Preferable > Good > True.

    |Relations| Relation (Preposition/Postposition) > Link (Conjunction > Copula ) >

    |Agreements| Agreement(yes-no) >

    |Noise Words| Noise Words(Expletives etc.) >

    |Code Words| code-words(acronyms etc.)What Can We Learn From Those Dimensions? A great deal:

    • Limited Scales Measurement: We tend to consider only a scale of five, in any dimension which mirrors the accuracy of survey responses: a 1-5 scale is about as accurate as one can get, with 1-3 1-5, 1-7 appearing frequently and with a 1-10 scale ratings always reducible to a 1-5 scale with finer graduation to the high end and lower granulation to the low end. This 3,5,7 scale shows up in nearly all aspects of cognition, such as the number of objects we can independently visualize or numbers one can recall. Usually in the seven plus or minus two range.
    • Limited Dimensions To Describe References: There are about as many dimensions in both nouns and verbs: seven. While there are about fourteen dimensions between nouns and verbs, the only complex relationships are:
      • State
      • Perception (Experience)
      • Relations

    But these three sets provide a large set of sensory dimensions for describing our references.

    • State, Perception, and Relation function as Weights and Measures:
      ( … )
    • Dimensions of Negotiation: Other than Perception and Relations, the number of dimensions is surprisingly small. And nearly all can be categorized as necessities of
      • Negotiation and
      • Possession, and
      • Weights and Measures.
    • Dimensions of Possession: Our language contains an extraordinary dedication of dimensions to possession. Given the dimensions above, please note the following:
    • Person, Gender, and Possession are dimensions in our Nouns.
    • Ownership, Permissibility, and Gain or Loss are dimensions in our Verbs.
    • The degree of Warranty of our meaning is implied not stated.

    As we will see later, this emphasis on possession, ownership, and property is necessary for both cooperation and ‘calculation’, and function as the basis of ethics and morality, and our valuation of changes in state of possessions (or interests) the origin of our emotional responses. We are, whether we like it or not, acquisition machines, using language to negotiate cooperation because of the far higher returns on a division of labor than are possibly by individual action. A Change In Paradigm (Ontology) Justification an self and knowledge versus Contract and others and trade and consent.

    Note: For those who have experience with Taxonomies of vocabulary, this categorization is significantly different from Roget’s – and somewhat dehumanizing.

    Words: Measurements and Collections of Measurements (Weights and Measures)  The Contractual Constitution of Meaning (Words, Phrases, Sentences) The Experiential: The Dimensions of Perception (Experience)

    |EXPERIENCE| Physical(external intermaterial) > Perceptual (external-internal) > Emotional(internal) > Mental(imaginary) > Social(external interpersonal) ( … )

    The Real: Dimensions of Reality

    Now, how can we DESCRIBE the universe? With dimensions consisting of constant relations. Now, we are going to make frequent use of these terms ‘dimension’ and ‘dimensions’. And the most simple constant relation we know of is mathematics: the study of positional relations:

    0-Point (Referent)(Identity, anchor referent)(quantity) 1-Line (Distance)(Relations) 2-Area (Ideal)(Sets) 3-Object (Ideal Object) (Space) 4-Time (Velocity) (Change) 5 – N – Pure Relations (Concepts/Categories) 6 – N vs. N’ Relations, (Forces) (Equilibria) 7 – N vs. N’ Intermediate Relations, (Symmetries) 8 – N vs N’ relations between symmetries (Paradigms) 9 – (N vs N’)’ recursive hierarchies of symmetries ad infinitum. (Reality) And we have mathematical techniques for such dimensions.

    0 – Correspondence (referents, identity) 1 – Positional names, Arithmetic, Accounting. (counting) 2 – Mathematics and algebra (Ratios) 3 – Geometry (Space) 4 – Calculus, Finance, Economics. (Change) 5 – Algebraic Geometry (Math of sets of constant relations) 6 – Physics (equilibration) 7 – Lie Groups, (Symmetries, Externalities, Future of Economics) (8 – Grammars) (9 – Paradigms) (stories) (Semantics) (10 – Fictions) (11 – Ideals ) (12 – Dreams) And that we have discovered mathematical techniques for the preservation of constant relations in increasing layers of complexity …. The Dimensions of RelationsDimensions of Meaning: Geometry of Thought, Speech, and Argument (try to explain) (how the mathematical dimensions and the verbal dimension and paradigms and stories…. It’s all dimensions) From any given point, there are an infinite number of vectors. All thoughts can be represented geometrically. But like Mandelbrot’s Fractals, they are not calculable by man, only computable by machines. However, the underlying symmetries (shapes) will be consistent across contexts, for the simple reason that grammars are consistent across contexts (paradigms).

    THE DIMENSIONAL GRAMMARS

    The Periodic Table Of Speech

    |GRAMMARS| Deflationary Grammars < Ordinary Grammars > Inflationary Grammars.Grammars: Overcoming the Problem of Human Scale (necessary because of computational limitations) Use of external resources to render commensurable that which is beyond our abilities. Deflationary Grammars (decidable)

    • Logic of Differences (identity)
    • The Logic of Continuous Relations, Logic of Sets (categories)
    • The Logic of Counting: Counting, Arithmetic, Accounting.
    • The Logic of Positional Relations (measurement): Mathematics (all of it), Equilibrium mathematics (constant relations)
    • The Logic of Algorithms – Computers, simulations (automation)
    • The Logic of Transformations: Physics, chemistry, biology, sentience, reason (transformations)
    • The Logic of Reciprocity, Law, Contract (cooperation) and Economics
    • The Logic of Science: Science, Reporting, Testimony (testimony)

    Ordinary Grammars (practical) So we can at least include these Ordinary Language grammars.

    • Formal or Written
    • Ordinary Conversational (in the commons)
    • Idiomatic Varies by Region, class, discipline, and occupation.

    Inflationary Grammars (meaningful)

    • Narration
    • Story (grammar of stories)
    • Fiction (grammar of fiction)

    Deception Grammars (Under, over, and false loading)

    • Intentional avoidance of due diligence
    • Bias and Wishful thinking,
    • Obscurantism,
    • Suggestion,
    • Fictionalisms

    Conflationary (Fraud) Grammars (overloading, frauds)

    • Pseudoscience ( conflation of magic and technology)
    • Psuedo-rationalism (Pilpul and Critique), (Justificationism en Closure)
    • Pseudo-mythology (conflation of history and myth as well as wisdom and law, as well as real and supernatural)
    • Occult (experiential Fiction)

    The Periodic Table of Grammars

    (Poster Size) Figure 1 The Periodic Table of GrammarsNote: The table is too large for inclusion in this book, in any readable form, but is available online at https://propertarianinstitute.com/grammars where you can download a PDF version, or order a poster online.

    Reorganizing Our Categories of Language

    Semantics Are Limited by and Subordinate To Grammars

    Now Let’s Look at the Rest of Communication Now, Just as mathematics consists in the study of constant relations, at increasing numbers of dimensions, we can perform the same analysis for all other forms of communication. And we will see how all our grammars are organized by the very same means – the organization of constant relations. And then how some deflate relations, so me preserve relations, some inflate relations, some conflate relations. And as such we will see how we use these various grammars to communicate the entire spectrum of reality from the existential to the imaginary. Language –   all same enough that they reflect a common set of abilities and limits of the human brain.   SVO, SOV, VSO, but in all cases we describe states of subjects or changes in states of subjects, and we combine this little stories into ever increasingly complex sentences, paragraphs and stories, and we weave these stories into paradigms and then into networks of paradigms, and those networks of paradigms and stories provide us with context, and that content lessens the computational cost of composing stories, paragraphs, sentences, phrases, and sub-stories consisting of descriptions of state or changes in state – and attach to those stories some value or other. And therefore assist us in making decisions from the most casual and unconscious to the most deliberative and calculative. Context and Precision: Ordinary language varies from formal, meaning low context and high precision, to common to idiomatic, meaning high context low precision. The lower the precision the higher the context the more suggestion is created by the speaker and the more substitution is required of the audience. Dialects. Within languages we create Dialects – regional, class, and occupational. These vary in paradigms, vocabulary, values, morphology and phonology, but most often preserve the same syntax: rules of sentence construction. Across these dialects, and across all languages and dialects, we have produced various technological variations in grammar (paradigm?), meaning rules of word and sentence construction, which in turn limit the vocabulary, the paradigm, the logic within the paradigm, and the grammar and syntax of statements, sentences, paragraphs, arguments, stories and ever increasing stories within the paradigm. And Speech itself consists of a hierarchical repetition of increasing complexity:

    |Speech| Word > Phrase > Clause > Sentence(Subject + Predicate=Story) > Paragraph(story) > Grammar of Science > Grammar of Narrative > Grammar of Stories(Story) > Grammar of Story > Story, “all the way up”.Organizing Language So we can organize (or rather we have no choice but to organize) something like a hierarchy such as:

    1 – Universal Grammar: recursively limited differences, similarities in all available dimensions.

    2 – Dimensional Grammars (Dimensional Semantics?): Deflationary (real) < Ordinary (experiential) > Inflationary (Ideal) > Conflationary (supernatural)

    3 – Languages

    4 – Ordinary Language Grammars

    5 – Semantics (Paradigms)

    6 – Dialects

    7 – Idioms and expletives etc. Anglo Analytic deflationary and scientific as a reformation of law versus continental conflationary and philosophical as a reformation of religion. Deflationary Literature Markets versus Conflationary Literature Monopolies ( … )

    Meaning (Grammars of Meaning?)

    THE ART OF SUGGESTION

    The Two Faces of Suggestion ( … ) The transfer of knowledge is dependent upon at least ten “supply demand” curves. Such that the contract (exchange) of knowledge is a function of the costs involved in an exchange. In other words, some communication is low cost and some is worthwhile, and some is very costly, and some is prohibitively costly, and some is simply impossible no matter what is done. So transfer of knowledge is one of the most complex human endeavors in no small part because of high causal density with diverse means of increasing costs.

    |METHOD| Suggest > Communicate(illustrate) > Explain > Teach > Train(Repetition) > Saturate(Immersion)

    ie: Cost—>+

    |LEARNING| Learns through inference (145+) < Learns through Suggestion(135+) < Learns through Illustration (125+) < Learns through Explanation (115+) < Learns through Teaching (105+) < Learns through Training (95+) < Learns through Immersion (85+) < Learning challenged (85-)

    ie: Cost—>+

    |ABILITY| Same Sigma > .5 Sigma > 1 Sigma(helpful) > 1.5 Sigma > 2 Sigma (Difficult)> 2.5 Sigma > 3 Sigma(~Impossible) > 3.5 Sigma > 4 Sigma(~Inconceivable)

    ie: Cost—>+

    |CONTEXT| Enemies(resisting cooperation) > Negotiation (exploring cooperation) > Discovery (cooperation) > Pedagogy (education) > Court/Jury(dispute resolution)

    ie: Cost (Consequence) —>+

    |MODEL| Impulsive(emotive) > Intuitionistic(sympathetic) > Reasonable(verbal)* > Logical-Rational(internally consistent)* > Scientific(Externally consistent) > Ratio-Scientific (Internal and external) > Testimonial (Complete)

    ie: Cost—>+

    |PRIORS| Prior Technical Knowledge < Prior Specific Knowledge* < Prior General Knowledge < Limited General Knowledge

    ie: Cost—>+

    |CONTENT| Identical < Near Identical < Analogistic < Novel < Counter Intuitive < Counter Investment < Counter Status(signal) Investment

    ie: Cost—>+

    |TRUST| Suggestibility(False Positive) > Honest-Reasonable(Exchange Positive) > “Dunning Kruger(False Negative)”

    ie: Cost—>+

    |STRATEGY| Seeking to Understand > Seeking to Disagree > Seeking to Falsify > Seeking to Deny* > Denial.

    ie: Cost—>+

    |HONESTY| Intellectual honesty > Intellectual skepticism > Intellectual Dishonesty*.

    ie: Cost—>+ This (large) set of causal relations, illustrates the difficulty in the range of communication problems Suggesting > Communicating(illustrate) > Explaining > Teaching > Training(Repetition). And illustrates why it’s simply false to say that if one cannot understand it, one cannot explain it. Instead, it is, that all other causal axis being equal, one should be able to explain a phenomenon to a peer. But as the difference in peerage increases the problem of communication even if all participants are intellectually honest

    The Grammars

    We use different words for pretentious purposes – largely we don’t know better. So let’s clear up the difference between a religion, an ideology, a philosophy, a logic and a science.

    The NARRATIVES

    (STORY/CHANGE IN STATE/TRANSACTION)

    |NARRATIVE(Story)| Name > Change in State > Description > History (Recipe) > Idealism(Substitution) > Fiction(suggestion) > Myth > Supernatural > Occult > Free Association.WarfareWar is a scientific not emotional process. It is only the men at the bottom who need inspiration. And it is the foot-soldier at the bottom whose tenacity most determines a battle. So the relationship between the top and the bottom is necessary, and this is why non-martial polities cannot compete with martial polities – we fight together even if we conceptualize differently. Wisdom Literature (… ) Religion A Religion provides mindfulness – which is increasingly necessary outside of the simplicity of tribal life of hunter gatherers. Mindfulness increases trust and our ability to cooperate peacefully in larger and larger numbers. A religion provides not only decidability on social interactions, but mindfulness so that we can cope with stresses of all kinds in an increasingly uncertain world. A religion relies on an internally coherent set of rules, myths, rituals, and festivals, but its neither logical nor empirical. Mythology ( … ) Doctrines (Laws) ( … ) Oath ( … ) Costs (Rituals) ( … ) Feast ( … ) Festivals ( … ) – A RELIGION consists of any set of ideas of justification which require belief in, testimony to, or action according to, one or more falsehoods as a cost of inclusion and use. 1) A religion consists of a set of myths and rules the purpose of which is to resist outsiders, and to set limits on behavior or to be treated as an outsider and deprived of opportunity and insurance of the in-group. Hence most religions evolve with the weak, who have no means of competition except resistance and exclusion. Theology Belief A Belief, or a Set of Beliefs provides an individual or group with a strategy for achieving personal objectives, a set of methods of decidability, and a moral defense (rationalization ) for our behavior if we are criticized. Mythology (…) Myth – (INTERTEMPORAL) Wisdom Literature (in my opinion the proper forum for teaching wisdom) – Inflationary vocabulary, grammar, and reality. Ideology An Ideology provides an emotional incentive to act in favor of political change under democracy. An ideology provides political decidability for interest groups. An ideology relies upon correspondence with a prejudice, shared by a group with self-perceived common interests. It need not be either rational nor empirical, since the purpose of ideology, like religion, is to make logical and empirical criticism impossible – or at least too costly to prosecute. – AN IDEOLOGY consist of any set of ideas that agitate, motivate, or inspire achievement of political ends under majoritarian (monopoly) democracy. An ideology need not be internally consistent externally correspondent, or existentially possible. It need only motivate individuals to act in furtherance of policy. 2) An ideology consists of a set of ideas the purpose of which is to excite subclasses to act under democracy to obtain political power. Ideologies are used to obtain followers. Likewise followers, follow ideologies. Hence most ideologies if not all ideologies are lower and working class ideologies, and most followers from the lower and working classes.

    Philosophy

    3) A philosophical system provides criteria for making judgments in the pursuit of preferences. Philosophies are used to obtain peers. Likewise peers seek philosophies with which to pursue preferences together with their peers. hence all philosophies are class philosophies, and most philosophies are middle class philosophies. A Philosophy provides a coherent JUSTIFICATIONARY system of decidability within a domain of interest. Philosophy relies upon tests of internal consistency we call logical grammars. A Philosophy need be internally consistent, non contradictory, coherent, even if only marginally correspondent to reality. A philosophy answers the questions of preference and good. In practice it is very hard to claim that philosophy has practiced the pursuit of truth. (more harm appears to have been done by novelists, philosophers an prophets than good, and more good by historians and scientists than harm. We can easily claim that philosophy has practiced the pursuit of choice and decidability. But if we claim philosophy has sought to produce truth we would have a harder time demarcating between science and philosophy. And my understanding of the point of demarcation between science and philosophy is the difference between choice and decidability – or rather the preferable and the good versus the true. And as you will discover, my understanding is that the velocity of human existential transcendence – meaning the development of human agency both physical, emotional, and intellectual, and both individual and cooperative – is dependent upon the difference between the decidable truth and the practiced falsehoods. As such I separate the grammars, from the operations, from the testimonies, from the fictions. Meaning that I separate logical grammars of testimony, from operational recipes such as the sciences, from wisdom literature such as histories, from the literature of persuasion and conflict we call philosophies, fictions, and religions. In this sense while I have combined philosophy, law, science, logic, and grammar into a single commensurable language, you will find that I frequently criticize those who have done all the damage to this world, with little contribution to the good of it. And in that sense I will come across as an anti-philosopher of sorts who has appropriated some of the content of philosophy while excoriating vast categories of it, as dishonest, manipulative, and harmful to man. – A PHILOSOPHY consists of any set of internally consistent ideas of decidability which justify pursuit of personal preferences or group goods. And so: If we define philosophy (positive and literary) as the search for methods of decidability within a domain of preference, and If we define truth (negative and descriptive) as the search for methods of decidability across all domains regardless of preference. Then: We find that positive or literary philosophy(fiction or philosophy) informs, suggestsopportunities, and justifies preferences for the purpose of forming cooperation and alliances between individuals and groups. We find that negative or juridical philosophy(truth or law) decides, states limits, and discounts preferences, for the purpose of resolving conflicts between individuals and groups. The Natural Law of Reciprocity, is a negative, descriptive, juridical science, not a fictional literature.

    Literature

    A Fiction (Story) Now, you wouldn’t assume that there exists a formal grammar to the structure of narratives but there is. And it consists of just ‘changes in state, all the way up.’ Just as reality consists of changes in state of dimensions. And if we look at Fiction (Stories) we see many permutations of changes in state: nothing more than sequences of changes in state. (re: Vonnegut). And only three endings: Happy, Unhappy, and Tragedy. |ENDINGS| Happy > Unhappy > Tragedy And only six paths to combine to achieve those endings: 1) “Rags to Riches” (rise – a rise in happiness), 2) “Tragedy”, or “riches to rags” (fall – a fall in happiness), 3) “Man in a hole” (fall–rise), 4) “Icarus” (rise–fall), 5) “Cinderella” (rise–fall–rise) 6) “Oedipus” (fall–rise–fall) |PLOTS | Fall-Rise-Fall < Fall-Rise < Fall < |STATE| > Rise > Rise-Fall > Rise-Fall-Rise. And a number of ( … ) So our language consists of not much more than the names (references) and changes in state of some set of marginally indifferent constant relations, using some combination of physical, emotional, and intellectual senses. And we can create increasingly complex words that themselves constitute micro-paradigms. And in doing so weave together extraordinarily complex sets of categories, relations, changes in state – where one of those changes in state is our ‘value’ – generally expressed as an emotional response.

    A History

    SPEECH

    • A Story
    • A Chapter
    • A Sentence
    • A Phrase
    • A Word
    • A Sound
    • A Narrative (Story, Recipe)
    • A Description (Story) Present
    • A Testimony (story) past.

    A Narration ( … ) A Description ( … ) Testimony A Testimony provides a warranty of due diligence against ignorance, error, bias, wishful thinking, suggestion, obscurantism, Fictionalism, and deceit. A testimony answers questions of liability against falsehood.

    • Only sentient beings can make truth claims because only sentient beings can give testimony.
    • All truth claims can and must exist as testimony.
    • A truth claim can be false (disagreeable)

    Testimonial or Complete Science – operationalism. Ordinary Language ( … ) Traditions A Traditional OrderofHabits (or group evolutionary strategy) provides a group with an evolutionary strategy necessary for survival and in the world and competition against others with different strategies. They consist at least, in a portfolio of metaphysical value judgments and carriers (users) of these habits rarely if ever understand or are even aware of, alternatives to these prejudices. Norms A Normative Order of Habits provides a group with means of preserving the traditional order within the current demographic, social, economic, political, and military context. This set of habits need not be understood, coherent, rationally articulated but merely practiced. They consist, at least, in manners, ethics, morals, and laws. – MARKET, TRADITION, NORM, HABIT consist of … (Demonstrated results…) Laws: Commands, Legislations 5) A legal system provides a means of resolving differences so that a group can cooperate in the production of generations, goods and services. Legal systems are used to rule others. But require strength to enforce. Hence most legal systems are the product of the upper classes that rule by force, and make use of scientific, philosophical, ideological, and religious systems to speak to classes while ruling them with law and violence. Natural Law ( … ) (Record of conflicts settled…) – NATURAL LAW of RECIPROCITY (Tort), was produced scientifically (empirically) by trial and error, through the resolution of disputes across personal preferences, group goods, norms, traditions, and intuitions, cumulating always and everywhere that decidability is provided by property, and property consists in the demonstrated investment of human action or inaction anything whether genetic, material, behavioral, or informational. A Discipline or Field of Study (Network of Paradigms) 4) A scientific system provides for making truthful (true) statements for the description of operations (transformations instate). Scientific systems are used to decide, create, invent, and to provide power over nature and man. Hence, science . Hence science is a largely professional or upper middle class philosophy. A specialization in the division of labor in the market for the production of knowledge. (usually a difference in operations and scale)

    • A Demonstration (reality)
    • A Recipe (protocol…)
    • An Action
    • An Input, Output

    Science

    • A Paradigm in Science or ‘-ism’ in Philosophy, provides a system of decidability in an area of exploration, investigation, and research.   Either a network of theories or justifications that are used to make decisions in pursuit of research. Wherever possible I choose the scientific term because it is less likely to have been inflated and conflated. And I have chosen the term paradigm for that reason.
    • An Hypothesis
    • A Theory(Story, Opportunity, Search Algorithm) – A Test (Warranty) against Impossibility
    • A theory of possibility by falsification
    • A Law

    Science, Physical Science, or Empiricism (deflation) of imagination, but absent operations. (Search for Laws(avgs) and Operations(causes)) A Science provides a CRITICAL means of decidability across all domains regardless of convention, interest or preference (Philosophy, Norm, Religion, or Ideology). A Science relies in the very least, upon tests of:

    • Categorical consistency, i.e. all differences
    • Internal (logical) consistency, i.e. all logics (Deflationary Grammars)
    • External (empirical) consistency, and (Correlative)
    • Existential (operational) consistency,

    Under Propertarianism (Testimonialism) it must also include tests of

    • Rational consistency (rational choice), and
    • Reciprocal consistency (reciprocity of rational choice).

    And we require limits.

    • Scope consistency (full accounting),
    • Parsimony (Deflation), and
    • Commensurable Consistency(Coherence).

    – A SCIENCE consists of any set of ideas that provide decidability independent of personal preference or group goods, by the systematic elimination of ignorance, error, bias, wishful thinking, suggestion, obscurantism, Fictionalism, and deceit, by the use of measurement and record of actions – demonstrations versus words.

    TRANSFORMATIONS

    Physics, Engineering, Chemistry, Biology, Medicine, Protocols (… )

    CALCULATIONS

    Algorithms, Accounting, Mathematics, and Logic Algorithms (Processes)

    • A Simulation (program)
    • An Algorithm (Procedure)
    • A Calculation (transformation of inputs into outputs) but with deduction.

    Accounting (Transactions)

    • A Balance Sheet
    • An Income Statement
    • A General Ledger
    • A Ledger
    • A Journal
    • An Entry
    • An inventory item.

    Mathematics (Measurements)

    • A Model (mathematic)
    • A Computation (lacking deduction) (information is closed)
    • A Formula

    – MATHEMATICS consists of a deflationary grammar of decidability consisting purely of competition between positional names under the preservation of ratios providing a single axis of decidability: position, but in N dimensions, providing commensurability between any set of positional relations of any number of dimensions. The Logics (words)

    • A Proposition
    • An Axiom
    • A Statement
    • A Proof (Operations, Cost, Recipe) – A Test (Warranty) of Possibility

    A proof of possibility by construction. ( … ) A proof of internal consistency ( … ) – A LOGIC consists of any deflationary grammar of decidability that assists in the falsification by competition of one or more constant relations between states. (Note that one proves nothing logically other than internal consistency, because all premises of external correspondence are forever contingent.) The Logics. We use the word logic ‘loosely’, I have to get across the difference between the multiple uses of the term: The Rationalisms (Justificationisms)

    • A Justification
    • A Statement
    • An Argument

    Rationalism is often contrasted with empiricism. The empiricist view holds that all ideas come to us a posterior through experience; either through the external senses or through such inner sensations as pain and gratification. The empiricist essentially believes that knowledge is based on or derived directly from experience. The rationalist believes we come to knowledge a priori – through the use of logic – and is thus independent of sensory experience. Rationalism consists of adopting one of these three claims

    1. The Intuition/Deduction Thesis,
    2. The Innate Knowledge Thesis, or
    3. The Innate Concept Thesis.

    In addition, rationalists can choose to adopt the claims of Indispensability of Reason and or the Superiority of Reason – although one can be a rationalist without adopting either thesis. Logic (formal grammar of decidability) Logic, via-positiva, consists of the use of deflation, organization, and competition to test the survivability of statements) which ( scientifically), consists in the preservation of constant relations in the differences in dimensions available to human action, perception, and experience. Those constant relations are possible because of a deterministic (non-random) universe – at least at various scales. Conversely, via-negativa, we can say that the function of logic is to eliminate ignorance, error, bias, assumption of knowledge, wishful thinking, suggestion, obscurantism, and deceit from our free associations. Which I’m sure is a mouthful. A logic requires at least:

    • The assumption of deterministic Universe (constant relations) within the scope(limits) of the context.
    • Constant Referents (Names)
    • A competition between the properties, relation and values two or more referents.
    • Preservation of Constant relations by grammar
    • Commensurability (or network of commensurability) of referents
    • Transformation Operators
    • Comparison operators
    • At least ternary logic || Incomparable > Undecidable > Contingent > True(not false) > False (highest certainty is falsehood)
    • For proofs, only Binary Logic: Unknown or False > True for purpose of deduction. Note that falsehood has greater certainty than truth.

    Arbitrary(Normative) or Descriptive(Necessary)? Is a logic – a means of preserving constant relations – Axiomatic and Arbitrary in a Meaningful Paradigm,? Or is it Natural Law and Correspondent in an Existential Paradigm? If descriptive, what dimensions of reality can we identify?

    • Logic of Differences (logic proper)
    • Logic of Categories of Constant Relations (cumulative differences) (identity)
    • Logic of Constant Positional Relations (mathematics)
    • Logic of Physical (Natural) Operations (changes in state/time)
    • Logic (Operations) of Physical Human Action
    • Logic (Operations) of Incentives using Property in Toto
    • Logic (Operations) of Cooperation using Reciprocity
    • Logic (Operations) of Contingent Relations(Language)
    • Logic (Operations) Of Testimony given all of the above. (coherence, scope, limits, parsimony)

    A Formal Logic. (I’m going to define formal logic as a dimensionally limited grammar – a grammar which limits vocabulary by limiting semantics).  Formal logic consists of the study of inference with purely formal content. An inference possesses a purely formal content if it can be expressed as a particular application of a wholly abstract rule, that is, a rule that is not about any particular thing or property. In many definitions of logic, logical inference and inference with purely formal content are the same. This does not render the notion of informal logic vacuous, because no formal logic captures all of the nuances of natural language. We can identify at least two uses of formal logic:

    • The construction of discursive proof (or possibility of construction) or disproof about the world using the logic of internal consistency through exclusive reliance on argumentative closure.   Mathematics, Law, and Norms rely upon justificationary reasoning. (Science, like evolution, does not. It relies on survivability whether we can explain the causes or not).
    • Philosophical Logic, Rationalism or Justificationism: The use of Textualism (interpretation) for the interpretation of scripture and law (Pilpul, Interpretation). Generally the attempt at closure rather than appeal to the next higher dimension where there is more information. Non contradiction can be seen as a variation of the liar’s paradox.

    To interpret legal precedent or legislation without return to the legislature or judge of record – in which case, again, the construction of said sentences constituted a failure of the authors to produce grammatically complete sentences – or the attempt by prosecutor, defense, and judge to create new law. To interpret Scripture or other Wisdom Literature under the pretext that it consists of law, history, or science, or any kind of truth – in which case, like interpreting the law, we see only a failure of the authors to produce grammatically complete sentences, open to current knowledge, and we seek to create what is not there. To construct deceptions by appeals to authority by making use of the ignorance of the audience, the malice of the interpreter, and, once again, the failure of the authors to produce grammatically complete sentences (and paragraphs). Much of our time will be spent falsifying and replacing the …. Symboliclogic consists of the study of symbolic abstractions that capture the formal features of logical inference. Symbolic logic is often divided into two main branches: propositional logic and predicate logic. We can think of modal and propositional logic as ….. Mathematicallogic consists in of extension of symbolic logic into other areas, in particular to the study of model theory, proof theory, set theory, and recursion theory.”— A Turing, Programmatic, or Algorithmic Logic: The addition of control structure differentiates programmatic logic from mathematical logic. As a consequence the problem of closure increases by the addition of the halting problem.  Logic of Language: The study of the rules of language, the rules of logic and the rules of grammar, and how grammar and syntax function to produce logical statements for the simple reason that what we think of as logic – differences, within a sentence – is reasonably intuitive to us, even if that logic fails us in the comprehension of arguments (and deceits). Syntax is the study of sentences and their structure, and the constructions within sentences. Syntax tells us what goes where in a sentence. Grammar is the general term referring to the set of rules in a given language including syntax , morphology, phonology, while syntax studies sentence structures. My preference would be to improve clarity, by redefining grammar as phonology(sounds) and morphology (words), and Syntax for Sentences. So that I could speak of Vocabulary and Syntax. (hmmm….)   Because a language consists of vocabulary consisting of morphology and phonology, organized into sentences through syntax. (hmmm….) Modal Logic – we can think of as the symbolic logic of grammar – qualification or refinement. I think of it as the logic of verb properties. To discover the operations and therefore universal grammar of human beings through analysis of language. In this sense, the study of such grammars constitutes an investigatory cognitive science. I rely on cognitive science, (neural networks and the structure of the brain) for most of my work. And so I see logic as nothing more than our ability to determine differences. But when those differences are organized into a language we develop this wonderful thing called grammar: the organization of the flow of information between individuals according to predictable rules. Language is an interesting problem because it’s serialized and very parsimonious and informationally dense, even if it can easily informationally imprecise, ranging from burdensome low context and high precision, to lazy high context and low precision. Yet our minds produce a continuous stream of possibilities that we must transform into that which can be communicated serially in speech. Investigation of the brain: The use of language to study of cognitive ability of the human brain – and perhaps all brains, given the vocabulary, and the grammatical and syntactical rules the speaker is capable of. Investigation of reality: The use of language, including semantics (meaning), vocabulary , grammar, phonology, morphology and syntax to investigate reality. This is the ‘verbal’ and primacy of reason strategy. And it is in contrast with the scientific and engineering investigation of reality, by investigation of actions. As we will see later on when we discuss the table of grammars, the various disciplines all have produced deflated vocabularies, deflationary grammar, and syntax that identifiably if not predictably reflect reality. Conversely, there exist some disciplines that reflect only fictions. And not surprisingly, those fictions exist largely in the pseudosciences we refer to as social science. So as an empirical judgment it is very hard to suggest that these grammars are fictional or arbitrary, and very difficult to deny that our language – at least Germanic languages – reflect and therefore allow us to represent the various dimensions of reality. As a side note, I was fairly hostile to the philosophy of language producing any result until I’d read kripke. And I have found that language does reflect reality – because cognitive science, analysis of language, and physical science have shown me so. But because I am principally concerned with the elimination of error, bias, and especially deceit, leaving us only truthful voluntary cooperation and exchange, I remain hostile to it for empirical reasons. Which is the next topic (empirical differences). Empirical difference between the two ….. Informal Logic: The use of Vocabulary, Grammar, Logic(Logic Cognitive Bias, and Fallacy), Correspondence, Ethics, Morality and Rhetoric for the production and falsification of arguments.  –“Informal logic is the study of natural language arguments. The study of fallacies is an important branch of informal logic. Since much informal argument is not strictly speaking deductive – on some conceptions of logic, informal logic is not logic at all.”—

    TypeSituation Arguers’ GoalDialogue Goal
    DiscoveryNeed for ExplanationFind a HypothesisTest a Hypo- thesis
    InformationNeed InformationAcquire InfoExchange Info
    EducationTransfer InfoShared Understanding
    JustificationNeed to Have ProofVerify EvidenceProve Hypothesis
    DeliberationPractical ChoiceFit Goals and ActionsDecide Action
    PersuasionConflict of OpinionPersuade Other PartyResolve Issue
    NegotiationSearch for common InterestsSecure InterestsSettle Issue
    ProsecutionConflict in FactExpose the other PartyCessation, Punishment or restitution
    TestimonyWarranty of Due Diligence against conflictObtain and preserve unearned premium or discountElimination of retaliation, punishment, restitution via truth
    DeceptionReciprocity, Conflict, Punishment AvoidanceFraudDeceive via falsehood
    DistributionUndermine Opponents interestsPoisoning the wellOpportunity for increase in conflict
    EristicAvoid argumentAttack an Opponent, or interestsPreserve Conflict

    Table 1 Table of Dialog Conditions and Goals

    Closure

    The Problem of Closure: There Isn’t Any. Closure. Close or Not Closed (Open). The question of closure. Given a set S, grammar G, and set of operations O, all operations O in that grammar G, upon that set S, will produce a member of that set S in grammar G.   In formal logic, it refers to that output set that can be deduced from the given input set. For reasons I won’t go into here, very few systems of operations and values are closed. In fact, only the most reductive (simple) systems can be. Closure is important for at least these six reasons.

    1. that arguments or proofs in any simple system (sets, grammar, and operations) must be solved by appeal to a containing system (sets, grammar, and operations) – or rather system using more information than available in the current system. You will see me use the problem of closure to explain testimonial truth, and to undermine philosophical rationalism, just as we have undermined theological rationalism.
    2. That closure creates one form of symmetry (shape), but that all sets of operations on all sets produce symmetries because of the variations in the sets, and variations in the possible combinations of operations.
    3. Language is not closed. I hate this non operational term, but “discrete infinity” refers to the property of such things as language to produce an infinite set of discrete sound combinations – at least within sets of paradigmatic assumptions about the world.
    4. That the mind is able to identify symmetries, and produce paradigms, of ever increasing scales, as long as those scales are reducible – even if thru training – to an analogy to experience that are commensurable within our senses, and where we can compare differences and therefore make decisions with.
    5. As such while the set of operations possible within the physical universe is limited, there is no limit to what man can understand through the creating of disciplines (paradigms) of commensurability.
    6. And the principle problem in our development is limiting the difference between our cognitive biases and the state of our knowledge, and those symmetry’s for which we can produce paradigms that are possible and or useful within the universe. But otherwise our ability to understand and manipulate the universe is limited only by our ability to develop means of harnessing the energy to take actions that produce transformations.

    Knowledge is never closed because of the cognitive window of action at any given scale of knowledge. As such, Language is never closed. It may be true that we can know the full set of operations possible in the existing universe at each cumulative scale. But, assuming we possess the ability to harness increasing scales of energy, then what we might be able to construct in this universe through though physical, intuitionistic, rational, calculative, and computational means is …. As far as I can tell, not closed. What is closed, and what is measurable, is the information necessary to cause change in state in the human mind. I am not quite sure, but Nassim Taleb seems to have been struggling to discover this value, although, like me, he has finally come around to warranty rather than measurement – and I think the search is futile at any scale other than the one he has already produced (meaning, logarithmic or big, and therefore economically impossible) if for no other reason than the information sets available to us are not sufficient. Yet when we develop general artificial intelligence we will develop some measure or other of that information. If I had another life to live I might work on that problem. It’s interesting. So while the volume of information necessary for humans to identify opportunities for changes in state may remain constant, the use of increasingly complex concepts preserves that ability regardless of scale. More on this later. As such, it is not clear that we will experience any ‘limit’ to cognition as long as – like every other scale of the universe – new symmetries (meaning objects of consideration) never cease to emerge.

    THE PATTERN

    Fields, Symmetries, and Generations Given a six sided die, and the single operation “roll the die”, we can produce a noisy distribution of : 1(x1), 2(x1), 3(x1), 4(x1), 5(x1), 6(x1). Given two six sided dice, and the single operation “roll the dice and sum the results”, we can produce a noisy distribution of: 2(x1), 3(x2), 4(x3), 5(x4), 6(x5), 7(x6), 8(x5), 9(x4), 10(x3), 11(x2), 12(x1). The difference between the one-die and two-die distributions is that while the results of rolling one die are equidistributed between 1 and 6, with two dice the results of rolling can produce more combinations that sum to 7 than there are that sum to 2 and 12, and therefor the results are normally distributed: in a bell curve. We can produce the same results with logic instead of numbers: For example, we can take the two words “Even” and “Odd”, and define two operations: “addition” and “multiplication”. Then apply the operations to all pairs: Even + Even = Even, Even + Odd = Odd + Even = Odd, Odd + Odd = Even, Even x Even = Even x Odd = Odd x Even = Even, Odd x Odd = Odd. (… geometric, scalar vectors … from every point, infinite points….) And we can produce the same set of results with any grammatically correct operations on a set, given the operations possible on the set; including the set of Ordinary Language using ordinary language grammar. Although, unlike our simple examples using dice, the set of combinations of ordinary language is not closed, and so the number of combinations is infinite. So any grammar applied to a set, allows us to produce a distribution of results, and a density (frequency) of results. In mathematics this result set is called a ‘field’. A field consists of all the possible results of a set of operations on a set’s members, that are selected from the range of possible operations on those set members. So in any set of results there will be a range of very dense, less dense, sparse, and empty spaces in the set’s distribution. Constructability Now those ‘holes’ in the distribution are notconstructible with the set and operations available to us. So, not everything can be described using the set with the available operations in every grammar. Conversely, we can create a set of operations describing those symmetries (patterns), whether we are referring to holes or densities. There are things we cannot say then. But by and large, nearly anything we can say that consists of constant relations between existence, perception, cognition, and action, is possible to say – if we possess the knowledge. And conversely: that which does not consist of constant relations between existence, perception, cognition, and action can be said but not said constructively: meaning operationally. So that is why people resort to those terms that are not operational: to compensate for your lack of knowledge, to compensate for their lack of knowledge, to levy pretense of knowledge when they do not possess it, or to deceive despite possessing that knowledge. Deducibility |Estimating| Description > Deduction > Induction > Abduction > Guessing > Free Association. In fact, the virtue of fields is that they assist us in finding those symmetries – albeit with a lot of work. That’s because some results are neither constructible or deducible from a construction, except by via-negativa trial and error. (Limits of Deduction) Symmetries as Externalities In most if not all of these sets, we will discover symmetries (patterns), including patterns of density and patterns of emptiness, and then patterns of relations between those patterns. These holes and densities consist of the consequences of the operations we performed on the set of references we’ve chosen. So, for example, when we make purchases with money, and observe the resulting financial and economic data, there are patterns within the consequences of the operation we call ‘exchange’ of the set ‘goods and services’. Those consequences appear as patterns in the financial and economic data – as a pattern of holes, distributions, and densities, that we call price, volume, profit, and loss. And so for the sake of discussion, I’m going to adopt the term externalities from the discipline of economics to describe those unintended or accidental patterns that emerge from the operations we call ‘transactions’ on the set of ‘goods, services and information’. Meaning that Externalities consist of Symmetries produced by our economic cooperation. It’s these externalities (for example, losses, and profits) that as a consequence determine the behavior of businesses, then industries, then markets – not the individual transactions. The Natural World: Generations of Operations At this moment we do not yet understand the fundamental Forces of the universe. But we have discovered a set of the fundamental Particles that those forces produce. And, of those particles that have mass, we have a fairly deep understanding of the Elements (Matter) in the periodic table of elements, that those particles that have mass produce. We have at least scratched the surface of the Molecules that those elements can combine produce. We have barely scratched the surface of the Organic Molecules that those elements can produce. We have only recently begun to understand how those molecules construct organs of Life. We increasingly understand how RNA and DNA construct life forms, although the complexity of that process is so vast that we can spot only correlations not yet operations. It is questionable how much we understand of sentience and consciousness or speech processing, but an understanding of reason, calculation and computation are available through introspection. Universe > Forces > Particles > Elements > Molecules > Organic Molecules > Life(cells) > Sentience > Consciousness > Speech > Reason > Calculation > Computation And Assumptions (Metaphysics) > Psychology (Acquisition) > Sociology(Cooperation) > ( Norms > Traditions > Laws) > Markets > Informal Institutions > Politics(formal institutions) > Education(Religion) > Group Strategy(War) At each stage of complexity, some set of possible operations produces potentials (densities) for yet another set of possible operations, as well as weaker distributions and holes that do not provide opportunities for yet another set of operations. So for the sake of our discussion we’re going to refer to each stage as an Operational Generation. Operational Generations as Disciplines The various Sciences (disciplines) mirror these Operational Generations. Each discipline seeks to discover the operations and sets (objects, states) that complete the grammar of the discipline. (Categories, properties, relations, values, and Operations, and Externalities (Symmetries)). Commensurability Across Grammars Unfortunately, some of these disciplines are very old – like mathematics – and some are quite new – like genetics. Some are fairly scientific (chemistry most of all) and some are merely storytelling if not outright deceits (psychology and sociology). In mathematics we find archaic (supernatural) terms left over from Mathematical Platonism. In the sciences we use awkward non-operational names for phenomenon and processes – often peoples names. In economics we use the term ‘rents and rent-seeking’ for what is a form of parasitism or corruption. In psychology and sociology the terms are by and large no better than fairy tale fictions with no basis in science whatsoever. By converting the terminology in each discipline to purely operational prose, we create commensurability across disciplines. And with that commensurability we can rapidly improve the ease of learning them. We can identify that which they claim to understand but do not. And identify what they claim that is outright false.

    OPERATIONAL GRAMMAR

    Operational grammar leaves holes. Operations Language Continuous recursive disambiguation resulting in a series of transactions, culminating in a contract for meaning. Convergence In this era, as in prior eras, the world has been converging on common weights and measures: the common languages of science, of technology, of business, of contract of accounting rules, a common trade law – at least at the international level of cooperation. The current financial system of fiat money, central banks, and reserves, allows relative commensurability of worldwide trade. However, those convergences tend to occur both within and across commercial and legal fields, but only within fields – thereby preserving incommensurability of language across all fields. And within fields they converge on old habits that preserve obscurant language.

    SOME OF OUR MODELS ARE WRONG: THEY ARE DISCONTIGUOUS WITH REALITY

    Metaphysics Logic MathematicsPsychology (acquisitionism)Sociology (propertarianism)Economics Law (Natural law of reciprocity)Politics (the production of commons)Strategy (group competitive strategy)Religion ( production of commensurability)

    EXPLANATION

    Current knowledge ….. my understanding….. Constant vs contingent vs inconsistent vs non-relations. Recursive Continuous Disambiguation vs Scale of Set of Constant Relations(density) Cumulation of association vs falsification of associations Computational efficiency. State Persistence vs breadth search, vs depth search We cannot know the intelligence of distant ancestors. Planning a series of steps in sequence must emerge – which requires recursion. Consciousness must emerge, meaning, the ability to compare states. Cooperation must emerge, meaning, the ability to empathize with intent. At some point we must develop sufficient computational ability to manipulate our bodies in some way that allows for unambiguous communication, or a means of continuous disambiguation, that is fast enough for one another to make use of in real time, and easy enough for one another to retain. And at some point, given sufficient computational ability, memory, and state persistence independent of recursion, language must emerge. At some point the value of such communication much be such that the cost of it is offset by the rewards of it. And we should see a cliff in history where there is a dramatic change when we did develop those abilities. And we do see it – rather recently. But language requires a system of measurement. The system of measurement is limited by our senses. And as such meaning refers to a set of measurements, eventually reducible to analogies to human experience. So while semantic content (measurements) must vary from species to species, grammar (continuous recursive disambiguation) should be universal in the sense that it varies predictably with computational abilities. We can understand a child, a person with 60IQ, 70IQ and so on, up to 200+ IQ. But as far as I can tell the set of measurements (basis of semantics) remain the same, and all that changes is the scope of the state persisted, the depth of recursion, and the density and distance of relations, and the ability to model (forecast). In other words, simple people are in fact simply ‘more simple’ in the density of content of their semantics, use of grammar, and models (Stories) that they can construct with them. So universal grammar as a set of computational minimums and efficiencies, should always exist, and human universal grammar as universal grammar limited to human measurements (semantics), does exist. And any organism with sufficient computational (neural) capacity, should develop some means of communication using some variation of universal grammar, and some sense-perception – action dependent semantics.

  • Glossary of Terms

    (NOTE, This glossary should provide a sentence or two definition with pointers to the section of the book that provides exposition.)

    P-Method, P-Logic, P-Testimony or Testimonialism, P-Ethics or Propertarian ethics, P-Law or Natural Law of Reciprocity, Operational Language and Vocabulary. Disambiguation by Serialization and Operationalism,   The Copula, The Verb To-Be, ePrime, The Grammars, Inflationary and deflationary Grammars. Fictionalisms. Deceits. Abrahamic method of deceit.   Ternary Logic, Compatibilism, The Coercive Technologies, Three Classes of Elites, Adversarialism, Falsification, Justification Decidability, Truth as Demand for decidability., Warranty of Due Diligence, Reciprocity, Imposition of costs, Demonstrated Interest. Property In Toto.   ABRAHAMISM (Deceits)In our Glossary of Natural Law “Abrahamism” refers to the argumentative technique of using Pilpul (via-positiva), and Critique (via-negativa) to construct sophisms (the argumentative equivalent of numerology and astrology) via use of disapproval, ridicule, shaming, rallying, loading, framing, suggestion, obscurantism, overloading, straw-manning, undue-praise, the Fictionalisms in ideal, pseudo-rational and pseudoscientific forms, appeals to reasonableness, and false promise, to create hazards. This technique is a variation on the female competitive strategy by which false promises of opportunity for approval, advocacy, defense, affection, sex, and care taking, and the threat of gossiping, ridicule, shaming, and rallying, and deprivation of opportunity for affection and sex are used to constrain and manipulate males, and use to threaten females with Ostracization from cooperation, sharing, assistance, and support. All three Abrahamic religions, Rousseu’s Moralism, Kantian philosophy, Marxist argument, and Postmodern thought all make use of this technique of argument, often stated as “Dialectic” but operationally consisting of Pilpul vs Critique. Most of Propertarianism (the Natural Law of Reciprocity) consists of attempts to prevent Abrahamic arguments and replace them with Testimonial (Ratio-Scientific-and-Operational) arguments so that Law (Constitutions) can be constructed strictly and logically and is not open to accidental, intentional, misinterpretation. Thus requiring legislatures reform a law rather than allow legislation from the Jurist’s bench – which is the means by which the US Constitution was undermined. AESTHETICS(philosophy) – A branch of philosophy dealing with beauty and the beautiful, especially with judgments of taste concerning them. The philosophy or science of art. AGENCY (Propertarianism) —“The capacity of individuals to act independently and to make their own free choices subject to personal or external limitations. By contrast, structure refers to those factors that determine or limit an individual and his or her decisions, such as gender, social class, ethnicity, religion, customs, education, economic institutions, government, propaganda, ability, knowledge, ignorance, error, bias, wishful thinking, and deceit. Meaning that one’s agency is determined by the combination of beneficial institutions, abilities, and knowledge and inhibiting institutions, abilities, and knowledge”— As an example, God would have perfect agency, because would have perfect knowledge(omniscience), perfect reason, perfect emotions, perfect mindfulness, perfect ability to act (omnipotence), unlimited resources, and no competition, no need to cooperate, and therefore no need for conventions, laws, institutions, or infrastructure. As humans we have imperfect knowledge, imperfect reason, imperfect mindfulness, imperfect emotions, limited range of actions, limited resources, and we live in a world where we must compete, must cooperate to compete, and to do so require conventions, laws, institutions, and infrastructure. So, Agency consists of the degree to which one approaches perfect ability to act, when not limited by knowledge, reason, emotions, mindfulness, range of action, available instrumentation, available resources, competition, cooperation, conventions, laws, institutions and infrastructure. Given we can never have unlimited knowledge, unlimited resources, and we have limited ability to be free of competition, need for cooperation, conventions, laws, institutions, and infrastructure, we can seek largely to improve our knowledge, reason, mindfulness, and assets so that we maximize our agency within the available limits. CONVERSELY (VIA NEGATIVA) Remove sources of lack of fitness, lack of character (virtue), lack of resources, sources of normative and institutional resistance, sources of ignorance, error, bias, and deceit – all the impediments to agency – and agency will result. Then selecting a philosophy – a means of decidability – by which one can obtain one’s ends, and an aesthetic that values one’s passions in accordance with that philosophy. AGENCY = POTENTIAL ENERGY by Simon Ström Agency = potential energy (PE) Force = applied energy (F) Event = Impulse (Imp), [force vector + temporal dimension] Consequence = displacement vector (s) Action = work (W) Externalities = Waste heat (h) W = F * s COMMODITY(economics)– A comparatively homogeneous product that can typically be bought in bulk. It usually refers to a raw material – oil, cotton, cocoa, silver – but can also describe a manufactured product used to make other things, for example, microchips used in personal computers. COMMON LAW(law)– Legally binding rules or principles of justice developed in the course of history from the gradual accumulation of rulings by judges in individual cases, as differentiated from the kind of statute law embodied in special legal codes or statutes enacted by legislative assemblies or imposed by executive decrees. The importance of the common law heritage is particularly great in the legal systems of Great Britain and of most former British colonies, including the U.S. COMMONS(law, economics) – Originally, meaning Land or resources belonging to or affecting the whole of a community. More articulately: any form of property to which members of a group share an interests, but where that interest is obtained by an unspecified membership in the group rather than by explicit possession of title. I use this term to refer to both physical property and normative commons. The problem with commons is that without shares, even un-tradable shares, the ownership of the commons cannot be protected from confiscation by various means including immigration, or political confiscation. DECIDABILTY, DECIDABLE vs DISCRETION (testimony)

    In the REVERSE: a question (statement) is DECIDABLE if an algorithm (set of operations) exists within the limits of the system (rules, axioms, theories) that can produce a decision (choice). In other words, if the sufficient information for the decision is present (ie: is decidable) within the “system”(ie: grammar).

    In the OBVERSE: Instead, we should determine if there is a means of choosing without the need for additional information supplied from outside the system (ie: not discretionary).

    Or in simple terms, if DISCRETION is necessary the question is undecidable, and if discretion is unnecessary, a proposition is decidable. This separates reason (or calculation in the wider sense) from computation (algorithm).DEMONSTRATED PROPERTY(law) – an expanded definition of property that is based upon the full scope of what humans consider to be property, based upon what they demonstrate that they consider to be property. Demonstrated Property is the definition of ‘property’ used in Propertarianism. EMOTIONS (psychology)Emotions are reactions to changes in state of “capital” we refer to as Property in Toto that we either have, or might have: obtaining it, saving it, or holding options on past, present and future utility of it. That utility can reduce our physical, intellectual, emotional, reproductive, or time costs. Our “values” influence us in the sense that the value we attribute to any given form of capital varies according to our gender, class, ability, condition, and inventory of existing capital. EMPIRICAL (testimony)– “Empirical” means observable, and therefore measurable, and therefore commensurable, and therefore open to tests of coherence. Empirical: Reciprocally Observable, and therefore agreeable, or disagreeable.

    1. Empirical means observable such that claims can be intersubjectively verifiable or falsifiable: meaning the observation can be “agreed or disagreed upon”;
    2. in addition it means a sufficient volume of observations that we falsify the fragility of episodic memories, our tendency to err, our tendency to find patterns that don’t exist, or to bias the results, and to use both to deceive ;
    3. in addition it means using physical instruments of measurement to compensate for the limits of our senses, perception, and the resulting limits to intuition, prediction, and memory;
    4. in addition it means using logical instruments of measurement (testing) of constant, contingent, inconstant, and non-relations to compensate for the limits of our intuition, imagination, prediction, and reason and as such to prevent claims made in ignorance, error, bias, and deceit.
    5. together consisting of tests of reciprocity of information, and the possibility of Agreement or disagreement by reciprocity of information using due diligence in the falsification of sense, perception, intuition, prediction, and claim by RECIPROCAL due diligence using quantity, quality, consistency, causality.

    See the value of operational language? If you have the words for it, most philosophical discourses is rendered nonsense. See how law (competition) differs from philosophy by reduction to reciprocity not the self (philosophical justification)? Like I said, in almost all cases philosophical questions are sophisms due to idealism rather than realism – operational language. EXTERNALITY, EXTERNALITIES(law, economics) – An economic side-effect. Externalities are costs or benefits arising from an economic activity that affects somebody other than the people engaged in economic activity and are not reflected fully in PRICES. Positive Externality: A positive externality is a side-effect produced by taking an action that causes an involuntary increase in an individual’s inventory of property-in-toto* (Most normative commons are constructed by way of positive externalities) Negative Externality: A negative externality is a side-effect produced by taking an action that causes an involuntary decrease in an individual’s inventory of property-in-toto*   (Immoral actions produce negative externalities, moral actions do not) GHETTO ETHICS (Abrahamism)– literally, the ethics of the medieval urban ghetto. As a ‘state within a state’ residents of the ghetto can conduct exchange as if they are state actors by relying upon high trust exchange in-group, while using low trust exchange out-group. However, in any polity, each of us cannot act as a ‘state’ by applying low trust with some and high trust with others because the net result is a near-universally low trust society for the vast majority. In such an environment demand for the state and its interventions as a proxy for trust remains high, since low trust is by definition the use of cunning and deception to obtain discounts and premiums that the opposite party would not tolerate willingly. In other words, low trust ethics are parasitic, and impose high transaction costs on the population. The underlying point I’m making is the absurdity of using the model of a state within a state to advocate for a stateless society. In that lens the entire Rothbardian project is… well, absurdly illogical. Laughable even. Aristocratic egalitarianism (the protestant ethic) suppresses all cheating such that demand for the state is low because transaction costs and conflicts are minimized, while the velocity of production and exchange is high. GRAMMARS (testimony)

    |TRUTHFUL GRAMMARS OF EXPRESSION| Math, Logic, Science, Operations(protocols, processes, recipes), Economics (money, banking, finance, accounting), Law (Natural), History(Description, Narration), Literature (including poetry > essay > fiction > mythology).

    |FICTIONALISMS| Deceit > Sophism->Innumeracy > Idealism- >Surrealism > Pseudoscience->Magic > Supernaturalism->Occultism.

    |DECEITS| failure of due diligence > ignorance > error > bias > wishful thinking > loading > framing > suggestion > obscurantism > fictionalism > denialism > and deceit.

    |ABRAHAMIC GRAMMARS|: Disapproval as substitute for argument > False Promise > Baiting into Hazard > Pilpul (sophism) > Critique () > Heaping of Undue Praise, Straw Man Criticism as a Vehicle for Disapproval > Reputation Destruction > Failure to Supply a Competing alternative capable of surviving same criticisms > Authoritarian Conformity,

    |AVOIDANCE| Disapproval > shaming > moralizing > psychologizing > ridicule >rallying > gossiping > undermining > and reputation-destruction. “DSRRGUR”.

    |ABRAHAMIC EVOLUTION| Abrahamism > (Adding Platonism) > Judaism > Christianity > Islam > (Dark Age Theology) > Marxism > Postmodernism > Feminism > Denialism: “APMPFD”.ALIENABLE / ALIENATION / INALIENABLE

    ALIENABLE: able to be transferred to new ownership. ALIENATION: the transfer of the ownership of property rights. INALIENABLE:  incapable of being alienated, surrendered, or transferred In property law, the possessor may not have the right to sell a parcel of land—no right of alienation. So the parcel is “inalienable” as to the possessor. We are used to seeing the term in the context of rights. Inalienable rights. Rights that cannot be taken away from you without violating Natural Law. But what about the other application of the principle? You CAN’T transfer the right of self defense. You have no ability to alienate a right if the right is inalienable. You can pay/incentivize someone to help you defend yourself, but you can’t transfer the right away.. This is brilliant and true and the consequences of trying to transfer your duty in this regard result in loss of sovereignty. In the US we still have the ability to be sovereign, but we have not behaved sovereign for quite some time as a population and that needs to change immediately if not sooner. Militia service is costly in the sense that it takes time, preparedness, planning, etc which is why people have offloaded the cost of sovereignty onto other extralegal organizations. Having “police” incentivizes the shift of the cost of sovereignty onto those willing to serve for a price and it moves the common man away from maximizing his agency in a setting of aristocratic egalitarianism and peerage and puts the common man in the position of submissive subject. |LAW| Transcendence > Sovereignty + Reciprocity (One Law) > Insurer (Court) (King / Judge of last resort) > The Discovered Law > The Referee (Judge) > The Jury -> The Thang -> The Senate -> { the King/Monarchy, the Senate/Lords(oligarchy) And the House (industry) and the Church (families) and the “those who have only the law to defend them – the underclasses”}. |LONG CYCLE OF HISTORY| {MALE EVOLUTIONARY TERRITORIAL: Fast Western > Medium Rational Eastern > Slow Narrative Indian Indian} vs FEMALE DEVOLUTIONARY MIGRATORY: Supernatural Semitic counter-evolutionary strategy. With Africa, Americas and Pacifica Lagging, and (it appears) Australian-NZ regressing. |MARKETS| Expression > Association > Cooperation > Reproduction > Production > Conflict Resolution (law) > Commons > Polities (order) > (War). |ORDER| Need to Acquire Resources > Action to Improve Acquisition > Cooperation to Improve > Opportunity for Parasitism > Incentive for Parasitism > Preserve incentive to cooperate > Prevent disincentives > Punish to create Disincentives > organize to punish to create disincentives. OPERATIONALISM, OPERATIONISM, INTUITIONISM

    OPERATIONALISM (PHYSICS): Operationalism is physics was important because it demonstrated that we expended a great deal of time and money by NOT practicing operationalism and that Einstein’s innovation should have been much earlier and could have been if we had practiced it.

    http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/operationalism/

    INTUITIONISM (MATHEMATICS): Intuitionism in mathematics was less important because there are few if any externalities produced by classical mathematical operations other than the psychological fallacy that there exists some separate mathematical reality. http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/intuitionism/ See Also: Constructive Mathematics:

    ECONOMIC INTUITIONISM/OPERATIONALISM IS MEANINGFUL: Therefore the HIGHEST moral requirement for demonstration of construction is in the domain of economics wherein the greatest externalities are caused by economic policy.

    OPERATIONISM (PSYCHOLOGY): Operationism in psychology was important in the recent transformation of psychology from a pseudoscience, to an experimental discipline, and because psychologists do produce, and did produce negative externalities – harm, to others. Not the least of which was multiple generations suffering from illnesses cast as cognitive problems. http://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/199/1/operat.htm

    DEFINITION: PARSIMONY “Lowest cost across all dimensions testable by man”

    EXPANSION – Given human faculties: sense, disambiguation (constant relations), perception(integration-prediction), auto-association-prediction, attention-prediction (will), recursion-prediction, and release of actions; – And dimensions of tests of constant relations: free associative, categorical, logical, empirical, operational, rational choice, reciprocal rational choice, completeness; Parsimony must refer to:

    “Lowest Cost”, expanded to:

    the lowest cost (least information), description of a chain of causation surviving tests of: entropy, realism, naturalism, operationalism, and;

    bounded rational self interest:

    in the seizure of opportunity, from the field of identified opportunities, given the opportunity cost of the opportunity, determined by competition for the greatest return in the shortest time for the least effort, with the greatest certainty at the lowest risk, to the point of disequilibrium and subsequent re-equilibration, eliminating the opportunity from the field of opportunities.

    and

    reciprocity (repeating the above) is the only productive rather than parasitic (costly) means of interaction. (- although parasitism and predation are profitable means of interaction, they are consumptive not productive.) The difference between: – Testimony (due diligence by self), – Coherence(consistency by audience), – Parsimony(competition by market), … is grammatical (point-of-view), and an application of and conformity to, – the law of epistemology (free association-idea-> hypothesis-surviving > theory-surviving > application-surviving)

    I can fuss with this a bit to make it as tight as reciprocity and testimony, or any of the other definitions, but ‘skeptical subjective testing against Occam’s Razor serves as the colloquial reduction.POWER, PARETO, NASH DISTRIBUTIONS, EQUILIBRIUMS ( economics, sociology, politics)

    The Law of Social Orders

    POWER

    PARETO

    NASHPHENOMENON – noun, plural phenomena, or, especially for 3, phenomenons. An observed or observable change in state of a referent. PRAXEOLOGY (economics) – Intuitionism (Praxeology) in economics is important because manipulation of the economy causes redistributions, gains and losses. As a moral constraint, it is only slightly less influential than law. DEMONSTRATED INTERESTS, |PROPERTY IN TOTO|: DEMONSTRATED PROPERTY IN TOTO (Demonstrated Property)

    I. Self-Property Personal property: “Things an individual has a Monopoly Of Control over the use of.” ….a) Physical Body ….b) Actions and Time ….c) Memories, Concepts, and Identities: tools that enable us to plan and act. In the consumer economy, this includes brands. ….d) Status and Class (mate and relation selection, and reputation.)

    II. Personal Property ….a) Several-Property: Those things external to our bodies that we claim a monopoly of control over.

    III. Kinship Property ….a) Mates (access to sex/reproduction) ….b) Children (genetics) ….c) Familial Relations (security) ….d) Non-Familial Relations (utility) ….e) Consanguineous property (tribal and family ties)

    IV. Cooperative Property ….a) Organizational ties (work) ….b) Knowledge ties (skills, crafts)

    V. Shareholder Property ….a) Shares: Partnership or shareholdership: Recorded And Quantified Shareholder Property (physical shares in a tradable asset)

    VI. Common Property ….b) Commons: Unrecorded and Unquantified Shareholder Property (shares in commons) ….c) Artificial Property: (property created by fiat agreement) Intellectual Property.

    VII. Common Informal Institutional Property: ….a) Informal (Normative) Property: Our norms: manners, ethics, morals, myths, and rituals that consist of our social portfolio and which make our social order possible.

    VIII. Common Formal Institutional Property ….a) Formal Institutional Property: Formal (Procedural) Institutions: Our institutions: Religion (including the secular religion), Government, Laws.

     INSTITUTIONAL PROPERTY RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS

    I. Obligations

    1) Non-Imposition : (a) Productive, (b) Fully informed, (c) Warrantied, (d) Voluntary Transfer(Exchange) of property-in-toto, (e) Free of External Imposition of Costs against others’ Property-in-toto.

    II. Rights

    a) Constituo – Homesteading: Convert into property through bearing a cost of transformation. b) Transitus – Transit: passage through 3d space. c) Usus – Use: setting up a stall. d) Fructus – Fruits: (blackberries, wood, profits) e) Mancipio – Emancipation: (sale, transfer) f) Abusus – Abuse: (Consumption or Destruction) Opposite of Constituo.

    CATEGORIES OF DEMONSTRATED INTEREST

    I) Non-Property (Bring under total control) ….CONTROL: Total Control ….PURPOSE: Create Property ….YES: Constituo, Transitus, Usus, Fructus, Mancipio, Abusus. II) Possession III) Consensual Possession IV) Normative Possession – “property” V) INSTITUTIONAL POSSESSION – “PROPERTY RIGHTS”

    i) Personal (Private) Property (limited control) ….PURPOSE: Acquisition Inventory and Consumption ….YES: Transitus, Usus, Fructus, Mancipio, ….MAYBE: Abusus ii) Shareholder (Private) Property (very limited control) ….CONTROL: Very Limited Control ….PURPOSE: Dividends from Cooperation ….YES: Fructus ….MAYBE: ?Transitus, ?Usus,?Mancipio, ….NO: Abusus iii) Common (Public) Property (All Citizen Shareholders) ….CONTROL: No control. ….PURPOSE: Prohibition on Consumption. ….MAYBE: Transitus, Usus, Fructus, ….NO: Mancipio, Abusus

    |CRIMES| Predation > Parasitism > Free Riding > Conspiracy > War > Evil.

    I – Predation (Physical)- Criminal Prohibitions. Harm: a. Murder b. Violence (harm, rape, damage, asymmetry of force) c. Theft (asymmetry of control) *FREEDOM Achieved Upon Suppression.

    II – Parasitism– Unethical Prohibitions. Fraud (Informational): d. Hazard Production (Baiting, Entrapment), Poisoning the Well (Gossip, Ridicule, Shaming, Rallying, Reputation Destruction, Straw Manning, Heaping of Undue Praise on the undeserving.) e. Fraud (false information) f. Omission (Omitting information) g. Obscurantism (Obscuring information) h. Obstruction (Inhibiting someone else’s transaction) *ETHICALITY Achieved Upon Suppression.

    III – Free-Riding (Social)- Immoral Prohibitions. Free Riding (Social): i. Profit without contribution to production. j. Externalization (externalizing costs of any transaction) k. Free Riding (using externalities for self-benefit) l. Socializing Losses (externalization to commons) m. Privatizing Gains (appropriation of commons) *MORALITY Achieved Upon Suppression.

    IV – Political Prohibitions. Conspiracy (Political): n. Monopoly, Cartel Seeking (or partial monopoly) o. Rent Seeking (organizational free riding) p. Corruption ( organized rent seeking) q. Conspiracy (organized indirect theft) r. Extortion (Organized direct theft), Blackmail. *LIBERTY Achieved Upon Suppression.

    V – War. Military Prohibitions. Warfare (Military): s. Conversion (Propaganda, Religious or normative theft of norms) t. Overbreeding u. Immigration. (dilution of norms, institutions, genes) v. War (organized violence for the purpose of theft) w. Conquest. (reorganization of all property and relations) x. Genocide. (extermination of kin and genetic future)

    *SOVEREIGNTY Achieved Upon Suppression.

    VI – Evil z. The imposition of costs upon the interests of others without intent or incentive for gain, but for the purpose of causing them loss regardless of one’s gain or loss.PROTOCOL, MEDICAL PROTOCOL(medicine) Medical treatments and tests are discussed as protocols. Medical (Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment), – Advisory. Clinical (Research and field trials), – Required. Procedural (EMT, Nurses, Operating rooms.) – Strictest. RECIPROCITY (economics, law): the practice of exchanging things with others for mutual benefit, especially privileges granted by one individual, group, organization, polity, or country to another. REFERRER, REFERENT (REFERENCE), CO-REFERENTIAL(Linguistics)– A referrer or reference is the symbol or name that refers to a person, thing, or idea. Note that we use the term “Referrer” rather than reference. A referent is a person or thing to which a name – a linguistic expression or other symbol – refers.   A referrer and a referent refer to one another and are therefore co-referential. RENT SEEKING (Economics) – In public choice theory as well as in economics, rent-seeking means seeking to increase one’s share of existing wealth without creating new wealth. Simple Version: “Corruption from outside the government inside of inside the government.”

    NOUN 1. the fact or practice of manipulating public policy or economic conditions as a strategy for increasing profits. “cronyism and rent-seeking have become an integral part of the way our biggest companies do business”

    ADJECTIVE 1. engaging in or involving the manipulation of public policy or economic conditions as a strategy for increasing profits. “rent-seeking lobbyists” Rent-seeking results in reduced economic efficiency through misallocation of resources, reduced wealth-creation, lost government revenue, heightened income inequality, and potential national decline. In its original sense, rent seeking is the act of gaining partial ownership of land in order to gain control of a part of its production. In government it is the act of gaining privileges, redistribution or partial monopolies. In its broadest sense it is the act of obtaining some sort if claim on the productivity of others rather than producing something ones self, or through voluntary exchange. We all seek rents. We all seek opportunity for benefitting from either the actions of our organizations, the actions of others, or the grant of state state monopolies. Women seek mates as monetary rents and men to ease the burden of childrearing. We all seek rents. We could argue that rent seeking is the primary incentive for cooperation. Because so few of us are productive enough through direct exchange of our efforts. The only rent thats totally moral is interest. Interest is free of involuntary transfer. Interest, in the sense that we rent money to others, contrary to our superstitions, is moral. Now, It is possible to seek rents via interest. Either through usury or through leveraging the state’s fiat money. One can collect interest on production. On can collect interest on consumption. Neither of these things is necessary. Both are voluntary. Neither produce negative externalities. They create whole sequences of positive externalities. But collecting interest on externalities is immoral if it creates externalities that produce involuntary transfers. Rothbards ghetto ethics actually encourage involuntary transfers. Under the false presumption that the market will solve the problem through competition. But Since all things being equal, profit from externalities is greater than the same loan without externalities, just the opposite is true. The market will encourage externalities. Also, ghetto ethics assume that judges will not hold people accountable for those externalities and require restitution of them. But they have and will. Because it is consistent with the ethics of property to do so. STRICT CONSTRUCTION (law): Strict Construction is an abused term where the courts instead use the terms Textualism and Original Intent. But under Propertarian property rights theory, Strict Construction refers to requiring that any law passed be accompanied by argument showing that such a law is specifically authorized by the constitution. In other words, laws constitute permissible legal operations. And none of them can violate property rights. This is important because otherwise, if discretion is required, then judges can insert deception, imaginary content, bias and error into the body of law. (As they have done, circumventing the legislature, the constitution, and property rights.) As such the principle of Propertarian Strict Construction (as opposed to Textualism’s strict construction) requires that we operationally define the construct of all any law. This principle is important because laws have the greatest effect on a polity – and often the greatest unintended effect upon individuals and the polity. TRUST (psychology, sociology, law): Where one party experiences mindfulness in predicting that the intertemporal actions of another party, will not impose costs upon one’s demonstrated intersets; and to advance mutual interests given the opportunity; within the limits of demand for bearing the costs of doing so. I might refine that a bit but it’s pretty good. THREE INSTINCTS (haidt, biology) Reciprocate, Contract, Disgust, and Familial Priority, and Kin Selection.   TRUTH  Testimony sufficient to meet Demand for decidability. ( … ) THE HIERARCHY OF THE LAWS

    VIA NEGATIVA 1. Laws of Nature (Measurement) … Physics … Chemistry … Biology … … Ecology … Consciousness … Economics

    Laws of Action … Engineering (?Where?) … … ( … ) Applied

    Laws of Thought ( Logics ) … ( … ) … Neural Economy

    Laws of Speech (Grammars) … … Logic … … Mathematics … … … Positional Naming … … … Counting … … … Arithmetic … … … … Accounting … … … Geometry … … … Calculus … … … Statistics … … Algorithm … … Recipe, Protocol … … Testimony … … Description … … Narration … … Fiction … … Fictionalisms … … … Sophistry, Idealism, Surrealism .… … … Spiritual, Occult, Supernatural … … … Magical, Supernormal, Pseudo scientific … … Deceits

    Natural Law (Cooperation) … Juridical Law ( Conflict Resolution) … … Law of Property (Conflict Avoidance) … … Law of Tort (Conflict over Harms) … … Law of Contract (Conflict over Trades) … Normative Law (…) … … Manners, Ethics, Morals, … … Strategy (Traditions, Rituals, Myths, Histories) … … Institutions formal and informal .… Legislation (Commons Production) … … Regulation (Prior Restraints) … Command ( Deciding the Undecidable ) … Treaty ( Between insurers of last resort ) … War ( Beyond the Limits of Cooperation )WEST, THE WEST, WESTERN CIVILIZATION ( … ) |WEST, THE | Transcendence (into Gods) > Agency > Heroism + Excellence > Sovereignty + Reciprocity > Truth + Duty > Natural Law + Jury > Contract + Markets in Everything > Optimum Private + Optimum Commons > Optimum Evolutionary Adaptation to Change |*| Vulnerability to deceit.

    Note: “Gods: Those with Agency: Omnicognizance (reason, OmniIndependence (Emotions, biases), Omniscience (knowledge), Omnipotence (Physical), Immortality (time), Others (Law of Sovereignty+Reciprocity). Note that the Russian version does not include reciprocity.”

  • Glossary of Terms

    (NOTE, This glossary should provide a sentence or two definition with pointers to the section of the book that provides exposition.)

    P-Method, P-Logic, P-Testimony or Testimonialism, P-Ethics or Propertarian ethics, P-Law or Natural Law of Reciprocity, Operational Language and Vocabulary. Disambiguation by Serialization and Operationalism,   The Copula, The Verb To-Be, ePrime, The Grammars, Inflationary and deflationary Grammars. Fictionalisms. Deceits. Abrahamic method of deceit.   Ternary Logic, Compatibilism, The Coercive Technologies, Three Classes of Elites, Adversarialism, Falsification, Justification Decidability, Truth as Demand for decidability., Warranty of Due Diligence, Reciprocity, Imposition of costs, Demonstrated Interest. Property In Toto.   ABRAHAMISM (Deceits)In our Glossary of Natural Law “Abrahamism” refers to the argumentative technique of using Pilpul (via-positiva), and Critique (via-negativa) to construct sophisms (the argumentative equivalent of numerology and astrology) via use of disapproval, ridicule, shaming, rallying, loading, framing, suggestion, obscurantism, overloading, straw-manning, undue-praise, the Fictionalisms in ideal, pseudo-rational and pseudoscientific forms, appeals to reasonableness, and false promise, to create hazards. This technique is a variation on the female competitive strategy by which false promises of opportunity for approval, advocacy, defense, affection, sex, and care taking, and the threat of gossiping, ridicule, shaming, and rallying, and deprivation of opportunity for affection and sex are used to constrain and manipulate males, and use to threaten females with Ostracization from cooperation, sharing, assistance, and support. All three Abrahamic religions, Rousseu’s Moralism, Kantian philosophy, Marxist argument, and Postmodern thought all make use of this technique of argument, often stated as “Dialectic” but operationally consisting of Pilpul vs Critique. Most of Propertarianism (the Natural Law of Reciprocity) consists of attempts to prevent Abrahamic arguments and replace them with Testimonial (Ratio-Scientific-and-Operational) arguments so that Law (Constitutions) can be constructed strictly and logically and is not open to accidental, intentional, misinterpretation. Thus requiring legislatures reform a law rather than allow legislation from the Jurist’s bench – which is the means by which the US Constitution was undermined. AESTHETICS(philosophy) – A branch of philosophy dealing with beauty and the beautiful, especially with judgments of taste concerning them. The philosophy or science of art. AGENCY (Propertarianism) —“The capacity of individuals to act independently and to make their own free choices subject to personal or external limitations. By contrast, structure refers to those factors that determine or limit an individual and his or her decisions, such as gender, social class, ethnicity, religion, customs, education, economic institutions, government, propaganda, ability, knowledge, ignorance, error, bias, wishful thinking, and deceit. Meaning that one’s agency is determined by the combination of beneficial institutions, abilities, and knowledge and inhibiting institutions, abilities, and knowledge”— As an example, God would have perfect agency, because would have perfect knowledge(omniscience), perfect reason, perfect emotions, perfect mindfulness, perfect ability to act (omnipotence), unlimited resources, and no competition, no need to cooperate, and therefore no need for conventions, laws, institutions, or infrastructure. As humans we have imperfect knowledge, imperfect reason, imperfect mindfulness, imperfect emotions, limited range of actions, limited resources, and we live in a world where we must compete, must cooperate to compete, and to do so require conventions, laws, institutions, and infrastructure. So, Agency consists of the degree to which one approaches perfect ability to act, when not limited by knowledge, reason, emotions, mindfulness, range of action, available instrumentation, available resources, competition, cooperation, conventions, laws, institutions and infrastructure. Given we can never have unlimited knowledge, unlimited resources, and we have limited ability to be free of competition, need for cooperation, conventions, laws, institutions, and infrastructure, we can seek largely to improve our knowledge, reason, mindfulness, and assets so that we maximize our agency within the available limits. CONVERSELY (VIA NEGATIVA) Remove sources of lack of fitness, lack of character (virtue), lack of resources, sources of normative and institutional resistance, sources of ignorance, error, bias, and deceit – all the impediments to agency – and agency will result. Then selecting a philosophy – a means of decidability – by which one can obtain one’s ends, and an aesthetic that values one’s passions in accordance with that philosophy. AGENCY = POTENTIAL ENERGY by Simon Ström Agency = potential energy (PE) Force = applied energy (F) Event = Impulse (Imp), [force vector + temporal dimension] Consequence = displacement vector (s) Action = work (W) Externalities = Waste heat (h) W = F * s COMMODITY(economics)– A comparatively homogeneous product that can typically be bought in bulk. It usually refers to a raw material – oil, cotton, cocoa, silver – but can also describe a manufactured product used to make other things, for example, microchips used in personal computers. COMMON LAW(law)– Legally binding rules or principles of justice developed in the course of history from the gradual accumulation of rulings by judges in individual cases, as differentiated from the kind of statute law embodied in special legal codes or statutes enacted by legislative assemblies or imposed by executive decrees. The importance of the common law heritage is particularly great in the legal systems of Great Britain and of most former British colonies, including the U.S. COMMONS(law, economics) – Originally, meaning Land or resources belonging to or affecting the whole of a community. More articulately: any form of property to which members of a group share an interests, but where that interest is obtained by an unspecified membership in the group rather than by explicit possession of title. I use this term to refer to both physical property and normative commons. The problem with commons is that without shares, even un-tradable shares, the ownership of the commons cannot be protected from confiscation by various means including immigration, or political confiscation. DECIDABILTY, DECIDABLE vs DISCRETION (testimony)

    In the REVERSE: a question (statement) is DECIDABLE if an algorithm (set of operations) exists within the limits of the system (rules, axioms, theories) that can produce a decision (choice). In other words, if the sufficient information for the decision is present (ie: is decidable) within the “system”(ie: grammar).

    In the OBVERSE: Instead, we should determine if there is a means of choosing without the need for additional information supplied from outside the system (ie: not discretionary).

    Or in simple terms, if DISCRETION is necessary the question is undecidable, and if discretion is unnecessary, a proposition is decidable. This separates reason (or calculation in the wider sense) from computation (algorithm).DEMONSTRATED PROPERTY(law) – an expanded definition of property that is based upon the full scope of what humans consider to be property, based upon what they demonstrate that they consider to be property. Demonstrated Property is the definition of ‘property’ used in Propertarianism. EMOTIONS (psychology)Emotions are reactions to changes in state of “capital” we refer to as Property in Toto that we either have, or might have: obtaining it, saving it, or holding options on past, present and future utility of it. That utility can reduce our physical, intellectual, emotional, reproductive, or time costs. Our “values” influence us in the sense that the value we attribute to any given form of capital varies according to our gender, class, ability, condition, and inventory of existing capital. EMPIRICAL (testimony)– “Empirical” means observable, and therefore measurable, and therefore commensurable, and therefore open to tests of coherence. Empirical: Reciprocally Observable, and therefore agreeable, or disagreeable.

    1. Empirical means observable such that claims can be intersubjectively verifiable or falsifiable: meaning the observation can be “agreed or disagreed upon”;
    2. in addition it means a sufficient volume of observations that we falsify the fragility of episodic memories, our tendency to err, our tendency to find patterns that don’t exist, or to bias the results, and to use both to deceive ;
    3. in addition it means using physical instruments of measurement to compensate for the limits of our senses, perception, and the resulting limits to intuition, prediction, and memory;
    4. in addition it means using logical instruments of measurement (testing) of constant, contingent, inconstant, and non-relations to compensate for the limits of our intuition, imagination, prediction, and reason and as such to prevent claims made in ignorance, error, bias, and deceit.
    5. together consisting of tests of reciprocity of information, and the possibility of Agreement or disagreement by reciprocity of information using due diligence in the falsification of sense, perception, intuition, prediction, and claim by RECIPROCAL due diligence using quantity, quality, consistency, causality.

    See the value of operational language? If you have the words for it, most philosophical discourses is rendered nonsense. See how law (competition) differs from philosophy by reduction to reciprocity not the self (philosophical justification)? Like I said, in almost all cases philosophical questions are sophisms due to idealism rather than realism – operational language. EXTERNALITY, EXTERNALITIES(law, economics) – An economic side-effect. Externalities are costs or benefits arising from an economic activity that affects somebody other than the people engaged in economic activity and are not reflected fully in PRICES. Positive Externality: A positive externality is a side-effect produced by taking an action that causes an involuntary increase in an individual’s inventory of property-in-toto* (Most normative commons are constructed by way of positive externalities) Negative Externality: A negative externality is a side-effect produced by taking an action that causes an involuntary decrease in an individual’s inventory of property-in-toto*   (Immoral actions produce negative externalities, moral actions do not) GHETTO ETHICS (Abrahamism)– literally, the ethics of the medieval urban ghetto. As a ‘state within a state’ residents of the ghetto can conduct exchange as if they are state actors by relying upon high trust exchange in-group, while using low trust exchange out-group. However, in any polity, each of us cannot act as a ‘state’ by applying low trust with some and high trust with others because the net result is a near-universally low trust society for the vast majority. In such an environment demand for the state and its interventions as a proxy for trust remains high, since low trust is by definition the use of cunning and deception to obtain discounts and premiums that the opposite party would not tolerate willingly. In other words, low trust ethics are parasitic, and impose high transaction costs on the population. The underlying point I’m making is the absurdity of using the model of a state within a state to advocate for a stateless society. In that lens the entire Rothbardian project is… well, absurdly illogical. Laughable even. Aristocratic egalitarianism (the protestant ethic) suppresses all cheating such that demand for the state is low because transaction costs and conflicts are minimized, while the velocity of production and exchange is high. GRAMMARS (testimony)

    |TRUTHFUL GRAMMARS OF EXPRESSION| Math, Logic, Science, Operations(protocols, processes, recipes), Economics (money, banking, finance, accounting), Law (Natural), History(Description, Narration), Literature (including poetry > essay > fiction > mythology).

    |FICTIONALISMS| Deceit > Sophism->Innumeracy > Idealism- >Surrealism > Pseudoscience->Magic > Supernaturalism->Occultism.

    |DECEITS| failure of due diligence > ignorance > error > bias > wishful thinking > loading > framing > suggestion > obscurantism > fictionalism > denialism > and deceit.

    |ABRAHAMIC GRAMMARS|: Disapproval as substitute for argument > False Promise > Baiting into Hazard > Pilpul (sophism) > Critique () > Heaping of Undue Praise, Straw Man Criticism as a Vehicle for Disapproval > Reputation Destruction > Failure to Supply a Competing alternative capable of surviving same criticisms > Authoritarian Conformity,

    |AVOIDANCE| Disapproval > shaming > moralizing > psychologizing > ridicule >rallying > gossiping > undermining > and reputation-destruction. “DSRRGUR”.

    |ABRAHAMIC EVOLUTION| Abrahamism > (Adding Platonism) > Judaism > Christianity > Islam > (Dark Age Theology) > Marxism > Postmodernism > Feminism > Denialism: “APMPFD”.ALIENABLE / ALIENATION / INALIENABLE

    ALIENABLE: able to be transferred to new ownership. ALIENATION: the transfer of the ownership of property rights. INALIENABLE:  incapable of being alienated, surrendered, or transferred In property law, the possessor may not have the right to sell a parcel of land—no right of alienation. So the parcel is “inalienable” as to the possessor. We are used to seeing the term in the context of rights. Inalienable rights. Rights that cannot be taken away from you without violating Natural Law. But what about the other application of the principle? You CAN’T transfer the right of self defense. You have no ability to alienate a right if the right is inalienable. You can pay/incentivize someone to help you defend yourself, but you can’t transfer the right away.. This is brilliant and true and the consequences of trying to transfer your duty in this regard result in loss of sovereignty. In the US we still have the ability to be sovereign, but we have not behaved sovereign for quite some time as a population and that needs to change immediately if not sooner. Militia service is costly in the sense that it takes time, preparedness, planning, etc which is why people have offloaded the cost of sovereignty onto other extralegal organizations. Having “police” incentivizes the shift of the cost of sovereignty onto those willing to serve for a price and it moves the common man away from maximizing his agency in a setting of aristocratic egalitarianism and peerage and puts the common man in the position of submissive subject. |LAW| Transcendence > Sovereignty + Reciprocity (One Law) > Insurer (Court) (King / Judge of last resort) > The Discovered Law > The Referee (Judge) > The Jury -> The Thang -> The Senate -> { the King/Monarchy, the Senate/Lords(oligarchy) And the House (industry) and the Church (families) and the “those who have only the law to defend them – the underclasses”}. |LONG CYCLE OF HISTORY| {MALE EVOLUTIONARY TERRITORIAL: Fast Western > Medium Rational Eastern > Slow Narrative Indian Indian} vs FEMALE DEVOLUTIONARY MIGRATORY: Supernatural Semitic counter-evolutionary strategy. With Africa, Americas and Pacifica Lagging, and (it appears) Australian-NZ regressing. |MARKETS| Expression > Association > Cooperation > Reproduction > Production > Conflict Resolution (law) > Commons > Polities (order) > (War). |ORDER| Need to Acquire Resources > Action to Improve Acquisition > Cooperation to Improve > Opportunity for Parasitism > Incentive for Parasitism > Preserve incentive to cooperate > Prevent disincentives > Punish to create Disincentives > organize to punish to create disincentives. OPERATIONALISM, OPERATIONISM, INTUITIONISM

    OPERATIONALISM (PHYSICS): Operationalism is physics was important because it demonstrated that we expended a great deal of time and money by NOT practicing operationalism and that Einstein’s innovation should have been much earlier and could have been if we had practiced it.

    http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/operationalism/

    INTUITIONISM (MATHEMATICS): Intuitionism in mathematics was less important because there are few if any externalities produced by classical mathematical operations other than the psychological fallacy that there exists some separate mathematical reality. http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/intuitionism/ See Also: Constructive Mathematics:

    ECONOMIC INTUITIONISM/OPERATIONALISM IS MEANINGFUL: Therefore the HIGHEST moral requirement for demonstration of construction is in the domain of economics wherein the greatest externalities are caused by economic policy.

    OPERATIONISM (PSYCHOLOGY): Operationism in psychology was important in the recent transformation of psychology from a pseudoscience, to an experimental discipline, and because psychologists do produce, and did produce negative externalities – harm, to others. Not the least of which was multiple generations suffering from illnesses cast as cognitive problems. http://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/199/1/operat.htm

    DEFINITION: PARSIMONY “Lowest cost across all dimensions testable by man”

    EXPANSION – Given human faculties: sense, disambiguation (constant relations), perception(integration-prediction), auto-association-prediction, attention-prediction (will), recursion-prediction, and release of actions; – And dimensions of tests of constant relations: free associative, categorical, logical, empirical, operational, rational choice, reciprocal rational choice, completeness; Parsimony must refer to:

    “Lowest Cost”, expanded to:

    the lowest cost (least information), description of a chain of causation surviving tests of: entropy, realism, naturalism, operationalism, and;

    bounded rational self interest:

    in the seizure of opportunity, from the field of identified opportunities, given the opportunity cost of the opportunity, determined by competition for the greatest return in the shortest time for the least effort, with the greatest certainty at the lowest risk, to the point of disequilibrium and subsequent re-equilibration, eliminating the opportunity from the field of opportunities.

    and

    reciprocity (repeating the above) is the only productive rather than parasitic (costly) means of interaction. (- although parasitism and predation are profitable means of interaction, they are consumptive not productive.) The difference between: – Testimony (due diligence by self), – Coherence(consistency by audience), – Parsimony(competition by market), … is grammatical (point-of-view), and an application of and conformity to, – the law of epistemology (free association-idea-> hypothesis-surviving > theory-surviving > application-surviving)

    I can fuss with this a bit to make it as tight as reciprocity and testimony, or any of the other definitions, but ‘skeptical subjective testing against Occam’s Razor serves as the colloquial reduction.POWER, PARETO, NASH DISTRIBUTIONS, EQUILIBRIUMS ( economics, sociology, politics)

    The Law of Social Orders

    POWER

    PARETO

    NASHPHENOMENON – noun, plural phenomena, or, especially for 3, phenomenons. An observed or observable change in state of a referent. PRAXEOLOGY (economics) – Intuitionism (Praxeology) in economics is important because manipulation of the economy causes redistributions, gains and losses. As a moral constraint, it is only slightly less influential than law. DEMONSTRATED INTERESTS, |PROPERTY IN TOTO|: DEMONSTRATED PROPERTY IN TOTO (Demonstrated Property)

    I. Self-Property Personal property: “Things an individual has a Monopoly Of Control over the use of.” ….a) Physical Body ….b) Actions and Time ….c) Memories, Concepts, and Identities: tools that enable us to plan and act. In the consumer economy, this includes brands. ….d) Status and Class (mate and relation selection, and reputation.)

    II. Personal Property ….a) Several-Property: Those things external to our bodies that we claim a monopoly of control over.

    III. Kinship Property ….a) Mates (access to sex/reproduction) ….b) Children (genetics) ….c) Familial Relations (security) ….d) Non-Familial Relations (utility) ….e) Consanguineous property (tribal and family ties)

    IV. Cooperative Property ….a) Organizational ties (work) ….b) Knowledge ties (skills, crafts)

    V. Shareholder Property ….a) Shares: Partnership or shareholdership: Recorded And Quantified Shareholder Property (physical shares in a tradable asset)

    VI. Common Property ….b) Commons: Unrecorded and Unquantified Shareholder Property (shares in commons) ….c) Artificial Property: (property created by fiat agreement) Intellectual Property.

    VII. Common Informal Institutional Property: ….a) Informal (Normative) Property: Our norms: manners, ethics, morals, myths, and rituals that consist of our social portfolio and which make our social order possible.

    VIII. Common Formal Institutional Property ….a) Formal Institutional Property: Formal (Procedural) Institutions: Our institutions: Religion (including the secular religion), Government, Laws.

     INSTITUTIONAL PROPERTY RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS

    I. Obligations

    1) Non-Imposition : (a) Productive, (b) Fully informed, (c) Warrantied, (d) Voluntary Transfer(Exchange) of property-in-toto, (e) Free of External Imposition of Costs against others’ Property-in-toto.

    II. Rights

    a) Constituo – Homesteading: Convert into property through bearing a cost of transformation. b) Transitus – Transit: passage through 3d space. c) Usus – Use: setting up a stall. d) Fructus – Fruits: (blackberries, wood, profits) e) Mancipio – Emancipation: (sale, transfer) f) Abusus – Abuse: (Consumption or Destruction) Opposite of Constituo.

    CATEGORIES OF DEMONSTRATED INTEREST

    I) Non-Property (Bring under total control) ….CONTROL: Total Control ….PURPOSE: Create Property ….YES: Constituo, Transitus, Usus, Fructus, Mancipio, Abusus. II) Possession III) Consensual Possession IV) Normative Possession – “property” V) INSTITUTIONAL POSSESSION – “PROPERTY RIGHTS”

    i) Personal (Private) Property (limited control) ….PURPOSE: Acquisition Inventory and Consumption ….YES: Transitus, Usus, Fructus, Mancipio, ….MAYBE: Abusus ii) Shareholder (Private) Property (very limited control) ….CONTROL: Very Limited Control ….PURPOSE: Dividends from Cooperation ….YES: Fructus ….MAYBE: ?Transitus, ?Usus,?Mancipio, ….NO: Abusus iii) Common (Public) Property (All Citizen Shareholders) ….CONTROL: No control. ….PURPOSE: Prohibition on Consumption. ….MAYBE: Transitus, Usus, Fructus, ….NO: Mancipio, Abusus

    |CRIMES| Predation > Parasitism > Free Riding > Conspiracy > War > Evil.

    I – Predation (Physical)- Criminal Prohibitions. Harm: a. Murder b. Violence (harm, rape, damage, asymmetry of force) c. Theft (asymmetry of control) *FREEDOM Achieved Upon Suppression.

    II – Parasitism– Unethical Prohibitions. Fraud (Informational): d. Hazard Production (Baiting, Entrapment), Poisoning the Well (Gossip, Ridicule, Shaming, Rallying, Reputation Destruction, Straw Manning, Heaping of Undue Praise on the undeserving.) e. Fraud (false information) f. Omission (Omitting information) g. Obscurantism (Obscuring information) h. Obstruction (Inhibiting someone else’s transaction) *ETHICALITY Achieved Upon Suppression.

    III – Free-Riding (Social)- Immoral Prohibitions. Free Riding (Social): i. Profit without contribution to production. j. Externalization (externalizing costs of any transaction) k. Free Riding (using externalities for self-benefit) l. Socializing Losses (externalization to commons) m. Privatizing Gains (appropriation of commons) *MORALITY Achieved Upon Suppression.

    IV – Political Prohibitions. Conspiracy (Political): n. Monopoly, Cartel Seeking (or partial monopoly) o. Rent Seeking (organizational free riding) p. Corruption ( organized rent seeking) q. Conspiracy (organized indirect theft) r. Extortion (Organized direct theft), Blackmail. *LIBERTY Achieved Upon Suppression.

    V – War. Military Prohibitions. Warfare (Military): s. Conversion (Propaganda, Religious or normative theft of norms) t. Overbreeding u. Immigration. (dilution of norms, institutions, genes) v. War (organized violence for the purpose of theft) w. Conquest. (reorganization of all property and relations) x. Genocide. (extermination of kin and genetic future)

    *SOVEREIGNTY Achieved Upon Suppression.

    VI – Evil z. The imposition of costs upon the interests of others without intent or incentive for gain, but for the purpose of causing them loss regardless of one’s gain or loss.PROTOCOL, MEDICAL PROTOCOL(medicine) Medical treatments and tests are discussed as protocols. Medical (Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment), – Advisory. Clinical (Research and field trials), – Required. Procedural (EMT, Nurses, Operating rooms.) – Strictest. RECIPROCITY (economics, law): the practice of exchanging things with others for mutual benefit, especially privileges granted by one individual, group, organization, polity, or country to another. REFERRER, REFERENT (REFERENCE), CO-REFERENTIAL(Linguistics)– A referrer or reference is the symbol or name that refers to a person, thing, or idea. Note that we use the term “Referrer” rather than reference. A referent is a person or thing to which a name – a linguistic expression or other symbol – refers.   A referrer and a referent refer to one another and are therefore co-referential. RENT SEEKING (Economics) – In public choice theory as well as in economics, rent-seeking means seeking to increase one’s share of existing wealth without creating new wealth. Simple Version: “Corruption from outside the government inside of inside the government.”

    NOUN 1. the fact or practice of manipulating public policy or economic conditions as a strategy for increasing profits. “cronyism and rent-seeking have become an integral part of the way our biggest companies do business”

    ADJECTIVE 1. engaging in or involving the manipulation of public policy or economic conditions as a strategy for increasing profits. “rent-seeking lobbyists” Rent-seeking results in reduced economic efficiency through misallocation of resources, reduced wealth-creation, lost government revenue, heightened income inequality, and potential national decline. In its original sense, rent seeking is the act of gaining partial ownership of land in order to gain control of a part of its production. In government it is the act of gaining privileges, redistribution or partial monopolies. In its broadest sense it is the act of obtaining some sort if claim on the productivity of others rather than producing something ones self, or through voluntary exchange. We all seek rents. We all seek opportunity for benefitting from either the actions of our organizations, the actions of others, or the grant of state state monopolies. Women seek mates as monetary rents and men to ease the burden of childrearing. We all seek rents. We could argue that rent seeking is the primary incentive for cooperation. Because so few of us are productive enough through direct exchange of our efforts. The only rent thats totally moral is interest. Interest is free of involuntary transfer. Interest, in the sense that we rent money to others, contrary to our superstitions, is moral. Now, It is possible to seek rents via interest. Either through usury or through leveraging the state’s fiat money. One can collect interest on production. On can collect interest on consumption. Neither of these things is necessary. Both are voluntary. Neither produce negative externalities. They create whole sequences of positive externalities. But collecting interest on externalities is immoral if it creates externalities that produce involuntary transfers. Rothbards ghetto ethics actually encourage involuntary transfers. Under the false presumption that the market will solve the problem through competition. But Since all things being equal, profit from externalities is greater than the same loan without externalities, just the opposite is true. The market will encourage externalities. Also, ghetto ethics assume that judges will not hold people accountable for those externalities and require restitution of them. But they have and will. Because it is consistent with the ethics of property to do so. STRICT CONSTRUCTION (law): Strict Construction is an abused term where the courts instead use the terms Textualism and Original Intent. But under Propertarian property rights theory, Strict Construction refers to requiring that any law passed be accompanied by argument showing that such a law is specifically authorized by the constitution. In other words, laws constitute permissible legal operations. And none of them can violate property rights. This is important because otherwise, if discretion is required, then judges can insert deception, imaginary content, bias and error into the body of law. (As they have done, circumventing the legislature, the constitution, and property rights.) As such the principle of Propertarian Strict Construction (as opposed to Textualism’s strict construction) requires that we operationally define the construct of all any law. This principle is important because laws have the greatest effect on a polity – and often the greatest unintended effect upon individuals and the polity. TRUST (psychology, sociology, law): Where one party experiences mindfulness in predicting that the intertemporal actions of another party, will not impose costs upon one’s demonstrated intersets; and to advance mutual interests given the opportunity; within the limits of demand for bearing the costs of doing so. I might refine that a bit but it’s pretty good. THREE INSTINCTS (haidt, biology) Reciprocate, Contract, Disgust, and Familial Priority, and Kin Selection.   TRUTH  Testimony sufficient to meet Demand for decidability. ( … ) THE HIERARCHY OF THE LAWS

    VIA NEGATIVA 1. Laws of Nature (Measurement) … Physics … Chemistry … Biology … … Ecology … Consciousness … Economics

    Laws of Action … Engineering (?Where?) … … ( … ) Applied

    Laws of Thought ( Logics ) … ( … ) … Neural Economy

    Laws of Speech (Grammars) … … Logic … … Mathematics … … … Positional Naming … … … Counting … … … Arithmetic … … … … Accounting … … … Geometry … … … Calculus … … … Statistics … … Algorithm … … Recipe, Protocol … … Testimony … … Description … … Narration … … Fiction … … Fictionalisms … … … Sophistry, Idealism, Surrealism .… … … Spiritual, Occult, Supernatural … … … Magical, Supernormal, Pseudo scientific … … Deceits

    Natural Law (Cooperation) … Juridical Law ( Conflict Resolution) … … Law of Property (Conflict Avoidance) … … Law of Tort (Conflict over Harms) … … Law of Contract (Conflict over Trades) … Normative Law (…) … … Manners, Ethics, Morals, … … Strategy (Traditions, Rituals, Myths, Histories) … … Institutions formal and informal .… Legislation (Commons Production) … … Regulation (Prior Restraints) … Command ( Deciding the Undecidable ) … Treaty ( Between insurers of last resort ) … War ( Beyond the Limits of Cooperation )WEST, THE WEST, WESTERN CIVILIZATION ( … ) |WEST, THE | Transcendence (into Gods) > Agency > Heroism + Excellence > Sovereignty + Reciprocity > Truth + Duty > Natural Law + Jury > Contract + Markets in Everything > Optimum Private + Optimum Commons > Optimum Evolutionary Adaptation to Change |*| Vulnerability to deceit.

    Note: “Gods: Those with Agency: Omnicognizance (reason, OmniIndependence (Emotions, biases), Omniscience (knowledge), Omnipotence (Physical), Immortality (time), Others (Law of Sovereignty+Reciprocity). Note that the Russian version does not include reciprocity.”

  • Glossary of Concepts

    Glossary Of Concepts

    Propertarianism

    Propertarianism refers to a framework that includes Testimonialism (epistemology), Ethics (demonstrated property), Law (strict construction), Politics (market government), and Group Strategy (evolution)

    Testimonialism

    Testimonial Truth refers to existentially possible truth, which comes in the form of operationally described testimony, it differs from platonic idealized truth. Testimonialism refers to the set of criticisms that we have to apply if we intend to warrant due diligence to the truthfulness of our testimony. List of criticisms necessary for due diligence: Naming Consistency – Non-conflation of identities. Internal Consistency – Logical descriptions of theories. External Consistency – Empirical observations of theories. Existential Consistency – Operational definitions of concepts. Rational Consistency – Rational Choice Moral Consistency – Reciprocally Rational. Scope Consistency – Parsimonious, Limited, and Fully accounted. By applying some of those criticisms to a hypothesis, one gets a Theory (search criteria), once it gets exhaustively tested, one gets either a Fact (observation), Recipe (process), or Law(explanation), By operationally describing theories (sequences of physical actions + instruments + measurements), one can achieve testability and repeatability while, at the same time, imposing a prohibitive burden on speech that contains error, biases, wishful thinking, loading, suggestion and deceit. Instruments used in operational descriptions include physical, logical and institutional instruments; where sensors, IQ tests and property serve as examples of each. By continued testing of the theories, one eventually finds the limits of a theory (where we “falsified” it), this protects us from using a theory in an invalid scope (where it fails or lacks precision), in matters of cooperation one must add the full accountability of costs upon demonstrated property in order to avoid selection bias. In addition to testimony by those criticisms, one may issue less reliable warranties of sympathy (understanding of a conceptual relationship), honesty (intuition free of deceits), rationality (subjected to internal consistency), empiricism (subjected to external consistency), and scientific testing (expensive continued testing, but not testimonial).

    Non-Imposition against Demonstrated Property

    Propertarian ethics proposes the question of the rationality of cooperation and answers that human agents consider cooperation as a rational choice (instead of parasitism and predation) only if it does not impose costs upon that which they consider their property. Humans, as with other organisms, need to acquire resources in order to survive and reproduce, this requirement led to the development of an instinct to acquire and inventory many types of capital (physical, monetary, territorial, normative, genetic, etc.). Humans intuit that capital upon which they have invested, without imposing costs upon their groups, as their property, and retaliate to any attempt of imposing costs to that which they consider their property, this constitutes their demonstrated property. We can divide those into the following types of property: Self-Property – Body, Time, Actions, Memory, Concepts, Status, etc. Personal Property – Houses, Cars, “Things”, etc. Kinship Property – Mates, Children, Family, Friends, etc. Cooperative Property – Organizational and Knowledge ties. Shareholder Property – Recorded and Quantified shares. Common Property – Citizenship, Artificial Property. InformalInstitutional Property – Manners, Ethics, Morals, Myths, Rituals. FormalInstitutional Property – Religion, Government, Laws. One can also state the principle of non-imposition as the requirement that all transactions have the following properties: productivity, symmetry of knowledge, warranty, voluntary, without externalities of the same (previous) criteria. The principle of non-imposition in combination with demonstrated property allows a polity to construct law in a way that eliminates the need of discretionary interpretation, that means it provides decidability for all questions of law and contract. Humans evolved most of its emotions as reactions to change in their inventory of property, but they vary in their perception of what constitutes property, with different classes of humans prioritizing different moral intuitions.

    Intertemporal Division of Perception, Cognition, Knowledge, Labor, and Advocacy

    Humans form a division of perception in that progressives and libertarians have specialist moral intuitions suited to their roles in the community, whereas conservatives give equal weight to the six moral dimensions of (care, fairness, liberty, loyalty, authority, purity). These differences on moral intuitions suit individuals to different roles in a polity: “Conservatives” – Voluntary Organization of Cooperation. “Libertarians” – Voluntary Organization of Production. “Progressives” – Voluntary Organization of Consumption. Humans form a division of cognition in that we can classify people with different levels of ability, from those that learn by repetition, to those that learn by imitation, to those that learn by instruction, to those that learn by reading, to those that can model machines, to those that can synthesize ideas, to those that can model abstractions. Humans form a division of knowledge with each containing local information about their inventories of property and specialist knowledge upon which others depend. As we depend more upon the memories and actions of third parties, trust becomes necessary for complex information networks to evolve between humans. Humans form two divisions of labor, a reproductive division of labor between the genders in the production of new generations and a productive division of labor in the production of goods and services. Humans form a division of advocacy where conservatives advocate total constraint on consumption (saving), libertarians advocate meritocratic constraint on consumption (production), and progressives advocate consumption (nurture).

    The Three Coercive Technologies

    Each of the three classes, into which humans divide, specialize in one of the following three coercive technologies: Moral Coercive Power – The use of “words and signals” in order to influence people to behave in a way by the threat of imposition of social costs (opportunity costs). Economic Coercive Power – The use of “money and assets” in order to compel people to behave in a way by the promise of material rewards (good and services). Physical Coercive Power – The use of “armies and weapons” in order to coerce people to behave in a way under the threat of physical violence (physical costs). By combined use of the three weapons, a group can coerce quite effectively, the government can use all those weapons to keep control of its subjects, with most people being controlled by propaganda and lies (moral coercion), others being bought with a position in the bureaucracy (economic coercion) and the rest of the malcontents being suppressed by police force (physical coercion). It’s this simple. There are three ways to coerce people: force or defense(law/military), compensation (trade), and exclusion-inclusion(gossip/morals) These correspond to conservative(saving and defending), libertarian(producing and trading), and progressive(consuming and demanding). And these correspond to the reproductive roles of father(conservative), the brother(libertarian), and the mother and sister(progressive) And that’s because it’s the reproductive strategy of the males, the young, and the females. It’s very simple. We all just negotiate on behalf of our reproductive strategies. All our talk is negotiation on part of our genes. It’s nonsense.

    Strict Construction of Law and Market Government

    Propertarian law evolves by incremental suppression of new forms of parasitism, where the judge discovered common law provides the least time lapse between the invention of parasitism and the construction of law prohibiting it. Strictly constructed law follows from the first principle of non-imposition of costs against demonstrated property, we can use this method of construction to specify contracts, as long as the later (contract) does not infringe upon the former (law). One can think of strict construction as the programming of law and of contracts, where those may refer to other documents, use libraries of operational definitions, define actionable clauses and conditions upon which the involved parties execute those clauses. Market Government refers to the Voluntary Organization of Commons by trade between houses of government, where this trade takes place only when all houses of government agree with the terms. Each of the three classes into which humans divide form a house of market government. Commons refer to material goods and services as well as norms of behavior to which people must comply, in contrast with private goods, humans want to preserve commons, not to consume them, in case of consumption, humans lack incentives to invest in them.

    Informational Commons

    Humans defend commons into which they have invested resources, that follows from the definition of demonstrated property, as such, we can consider information as a commons and prohibit the “pollution” of that commons as we do with other commons such as rivers. As such, a requirement of truthful speech (Testimonialism) forms a new kind of warranty, just like warranties given to the quality of goods and services, we must now warrant any information we use in public discourse about matters of commons. This does not mean that we must prohibit conflationary and inspirational discourse in private, for pedagogical, aesthetic and hypothetical (meaningful) purposes. Testimonialism stands as a warranty in matters of law (and contract), where the discovery of law must pass through all of the criticisms, for this reason we have both empiricism (as in the common law) and operationalism (strict construction).

    Incremental Suppression of Parasitism

    In order to cooperate and expand cooperation, humans require incremental suppression of impositions of cost upon their demonstrated property as relationships move from local to global and become anonymous. At first humans organize in order to partially suppress imposition of costs (criminal), namely violence, this results in innovations on parasitism that moves to theft and fraud (ethical), as those get suppressed, we have private property, but parasitism evolves towards deception and organized forms of parasitism (moral and conspiratorial). As such one can judge the moral state of a polity by comparison with the list of all forms of free-riding and those which they actually suppress by their law. By near total suppression of imposed costs and the absolute nuclear family, we force individuals into market cooperation instead of parasitism (which limits parasitism even within the family), this results in a highly eugenic (meritocratic) civilization which suppresses lower class reproduction. In order to create incentives for the lower classes to abide by rule of law, they’re compensated with dividends obtained in exchange for forgone opportunities of parasitism and for the policing of the commons.

    The Transaction Cost Theory of Government

    At first humans had to deal with small communities where the threat of ostracism almost equals a death threat, but as those groups grew in distance of relationships, so did the incentives to impose costs upon others in favor of oneself and of one’s family. The growth of transaction costs led to a demand for an authority in order to provide dispute resolution, from this, people formed governments as a way to suppress local transaction costs and replace it with a global cost (taxation). The opportunities for rational cooperation created by government resulted in great wealth, a lot of which went into the hands of government. Ideally, suppression of the centralized costs (bureaucratic and political parasitism) would follow, while retaining suppression of the local costs and the commons built under this suppression (particularly, the property definitions themselves). In reality, a class warfare for the control of government went on, which led to democracy, that in practice results in redistribution of the rents to the lower classes (the majority) in a winner takes all contest. From this point on, dysgenia and demand for authority follow. Abcd ( … ) Axiomatic vs Theoretical knowledge Group evolutionary strategies, Family structures, The failure of the enlightenment, the great lies, heroism, personality (autistic vs solipsistic and other issues), demonstrated intelligence

  • Glossary of Concepts

    Glossary Of Concepts

    Propertarianism

    Propertarianism refers to a framework that includes Testimonialism (epistemology), Ethics (demonstrated property), Law (strict construction), Politics (market government), and Group Strategy (evolution)

    Testimonialism

    Testimonial Truth refers to existentially possible truth, which comes in the form of operationally described testimony, it differs from platonic idealized truth. Testimonialism refers to the set of criticisms that we have to apply if we intend to warrant due diligence to the truthfulness of our testimony. List of criticisms necessary for due diligence: Naming Consistency – Non-conflation of identities. Internal Consistency – Logical descriptions of theories. External Consistency – Empirical observations of theories. Existential Consistency – Operational definitions of concepts. Rational Consistency – Rational Choice Moral Consistency – Reciprocally Rational. Scope Consistency – Parsimonious, Limited, and Fully accounted. By applying some of those criticisms to a hypothesis, one gets a Theory (search criteria), once it gets exhaustively tested, one gets either a Fact (observation), Recipe (process), or Law(explanation), By operationally describing theories (sequences of physical actions + instruments + measurements), one can achieve testability and repeatability while, at the same time, imposing a prohibitive burden on speech that contains error, biases, wishful thinking, loading, suggestion and deceit. Instruments used in operational descriptions include physical, logical and institutional instruments; where sensors, IQ tests and property serve as examples of each. By continued testing of the theories, one eventually finds the limits of a theory (where we “falsified” it), this protects us from using a theory in an invalid scope (where it fails or lacks precision), in matters of cooperation one must add the full accountability of costs upon demonstrated property in order to avoid selection bias. In addition to testimony by those criticisms, one may issue less reliable warranties of sympathy (understanding of a conceptual relationship), honesty (intuition free of deceits), rationality (subjected to internal consistency), empiricism (subjected to external consistency), and scientific testing (expensive continued testing, but not testimonial).

    Non-Imposition against Demonstrated Property

    Propertarian ethics proposes the question of the rationality of cooperation and answers that human agents consider cooperation as a rational choice (instead of parasitism and predation) only if it does not impose costs upon that which they consider their property. Humans, as with other organisms, need to acquire resources in order to survive and reproduce, this requirement led to the development of an instinct to acquire and inventory many types of capital (physical, monetary, territorial, normative, genetic, etc.). Humans intuit that capital upon which they have invested, without imposing costs upon their groups, as their property, and retaliate to any attempt of imposing costs to that which they consider their property, this constitutes their demonstrated property. We can divide those into the following types of property: Self-Property – Body, Time, Actions, Memory, Concepts, Status, etc. Personal Property – Houses, Cars, “Things”, etc. Kinship Property – Mates, Children, Family, Friends, etc. Cooperative Property – Organizational and Knowledge ties. Shareholder Property – Recorded and Quantified shares. Common Property – Citizenship, Artificial Property. InformalInstitutional Property – Manners, Ethics, Morals, Myths, Rituals. FormalInstitutional Property – Religion, Government, Laws. One can also state the principle of non-imposition as the requirement that all transactions have the following properties: productivity, symmetry of knowledge, warranty, voluntary, without externalities of the same (previous) criteria. The principle of non-imposition in combination with demonstrated property allows a polity to construct law in a way that eliminates the need of discretionary interpretation, that means it provides decidability for all questions of law and contract. Humans evolved most of its emotions as reactions to change in their inventory of property, but they vary in their perception of what constitutes property, with different classes of humans prioritizing different moral intuitions.

    Intertemporal Division of Perception, Cognition, Knowledge, Labor, and Advocacy

    Humans form a division of perception in that progressives and libertarians have specialist moral intuitions suited to their roles in the community, whereas conservatives give equal weight to the six moral dimensions of (care, fairness, liberty, loyalty, authority, purity). These differences on moral intuitions suit individuals to different roles in a polity: “Conservatives” – Voluntary Organization of Cooperation. “Libertarians” – Voluntary Organization of Production. “Progressives” – Voluntary Organization of Consumption. Humans form a division of cognition in that we can classify people with different levels of ability, from those that learn by repetition, to those that learn by imitation, to those that learn by instruction, to those that learn by reading, to those that can model machines, to those that can synthesize ideas, to those that can model abstractions. Humans form a division of knowledge with each containing local information about their inventories of property and specialist knowledge upon which others depend. As we depend more upon the memories and actions of third parties, trust becomes necessary for complex information networks to evolve between humans. Humans form two divisions of labor, a reproductive division of labor between the genders in the production of new generations and a productive division of labor in the production of goods and services. Humans form a division of advocacy where conservatives advocate total constraint on consumption (saving), libertarians advocate meritocratic constraint on consumption (production), and progressives advocate consumption (nurture).

    The Three Coercive Technologies

    Each of the three classes, into which humans divide, specialize in one of the following three coercive technologies: Moral Coercive Power – The use of “words and signals” in order to influence people to behave in a way by the threat of imposition of social costs (opportunity costs). Economic Coercive Power – The use of “money and assets” in order to compel people to behave in a way by the promise of material rewards (good and services). Physical Coercive Power – The use of “armies and weapons” in order to coerce people to behave in a way under the threat of physical violence (physical costs). By combined use of the three weapons, a group can coerce quite effectively, the government can use all those weapons to keep control of its subjects, with most people being controlled by propaganda and lies (moral coercion), others being bought with a position in the bureaucracy (economic coercion) and the rest of the malcontents being suppressed by police force (physical coercion). It’s this simple. There are three ways to coerce people: force or defense(law/military), compensation (trade), and exclusion-inclusion(gossip/morals) These correspond to conservative(saving and defending), libertarian(producing and trading), and progressive(consuming and demanding). And these correspond to the reproductive roles of father(conservative), the brother(libertarian), and the mother and sister(progressive) And that’s because it’s the reproductive strategy of the males, the young, and the females. It’s very simple. We all just negotiate on behalf of our reproductive strategies. All our talk is negotiation on part of our genes. It’s nonsense.

    Strict Construction of Law and Market Government

    Propertarian law evolves by incremental suppression of new forms of parasitism, where the judge discovered common law provides the least time lapse between the invention of parasitism and the construction of law prohibiting it. Strictly constructed law follows from the first principle of non-imposition of costs against demonstrated property, we can use this method of construction to specify contracts, as long as the later (contract) does not infringe upon the former (law). One can think of strict construction as the programming of law and of contracts, where those may refer to other documents, use libraries of operational definitions, define actionable clauses and conditions upon which the involved parties execute those clauses. Market Government refers to the Voluntary Organization of Commons by trade between houses of government, where this trade takes place only when all houses of government agree with the terms. Each of the three classes into which humans divide form a house of market government. Commons refer to material goods and services as well as norms of behavior to which people must comply, in contrast with private goods, humans want to preserve commons, not to consume them, in case of consumption, humans lack incentives to invest in them.

    Informational Commons

    Humans defend commons into which they have invested resources, that follows from the definition of demonstrated property, as such, we can consider information as a commons and prohibit the “pollution” of that commons as we do with other commons such as rivers. As such, a requirement of truthful speech (Testimonialism) forms a new kind of warranty, just like warranties given to the quality of goods and services, we must now warrant any information we use in public discourse about matters of commons. This does not mean that we must prohibit conflationary and inspirational discourse in private, for pedagogical, aesthetic and hypothetical (meaningful) purposes. Testimonialism stands as a warranty in matters of law (and contract), where the discovery of law must pass through all of the criticisms, for this reason we have both empiricism (as in the common law) and operationalism (strict construction).

    Incremental Suppression of Parasitism

    In order to cooperate and expand cooperation, humans require incremental suppression of impositions of cost upon their demonstrated property as relationships move from local to global and become anonymous. At first humans organize in order to partially suppress imposition of costs (criminal), namely violence, this results in innovations on parasitism that moves to theft and fraud (ethical), as those get suppressed, we have private property, but parasitism evolves towards deception and organized forms of parasitism (moral and conspiratorial). As such one can judge the moral state of a polity by comparison with the list of all forms of free-riding and those which they actually suppress by their law. By near total suppression of imposed costs and the absolute nuclear family, we force individuals into market cooperation instead of parasitism (which limits parasitism even within the family), this results in a highly eugenic (meritocratic) civilization which suppresses lower class reproduction. In order to create incentives for the lower classes to abide by rule of law, they’re compensated with dividends obtained in exchange for forgone opportunities of parasitism and for the policing of the commons.

    The Transaction Cost Theory of Government

    At first humans had to deal with small communities where the threat of ostracism almost equals a death threat, but as those groups grew in distance of relationships, so did the incentives to impose costs upon others in favor of oneself and of one’s family. The growth of transaction costs led to a demand for an authority in order to provide dispute resolution, from this, people formed governments as a way to suppress local transaction costs and replace it with a global cost (taxation). The opportunities for rational cooperation created by government resulted in great wealth, a lot of which went into the hands of government. Ideally, suppression of the centralized costs (bureaucratic and political parasitism) would follow, while retaining suppression of the local costs and the commons built under this suppression (particularly, the property definitions themselves). In reality, a class warfare for the control of government went on, which led to democracy, that in practice results in redistribution of the rents to the lower classes (the majority) in a winner takes all contest. From this point on, dysgenia and demand for authority follow. Abcd ( … ) Axiomatic vs Theoretical knowledge Group evolutionary strategies, Family structures, The failure of the enlightenment, the great lies, heroism, personality (autistic vs solipsistic and other issues), demonstrated intelligence

  • Who is it that got angry with me over my position that metaphysics doesn’t exist

    Who is it that got angry with me over my position that metaphysics doesn’t exist (in the sense that there is other than one most parsimonious) and that it’s just cog sci, the grammars, and paradigms in the inflationary grammars?Woman who did her ma or phd in metaphysics?


    Source date (UTC): 2019-11-15 13:23:16 UTC

    Original post: https://twitter.com/i/web/status/1195331434329919488

  • Who is it that got angry with me over my position that metaphysics doesn’t exist

    Who is it that got angry with me over my position that metaphysics doesn’t exist (in the sense that there is other than one most parsimonious) and that it’s just cog sci, the grammars, and paradigms in the inflationary grammars?Woman who did her ma or phd in metaphysics?


    Source date (UTC): 2019-11-15 08:23:00 UTC

  • Q: “What is P?”– Jody Short for “Propertarianism” So we use: “P” (overall), “P-

    –Q: “What is P?”– Jody

    Short for “Propertarianism”

    So we use: “P” (overall), “P-law”, “P-testimony” P-operationalism’ etc to for brevity and to disambiguate formal P definitions from common definitions.


    Source date (UTC): 2019-11-13 09:02:00 UTC

  • RT @CultureKancer: @curtdoolittle *Shift* the language you use to the language o

    RT @CultureKancer: @curtdoolittle

    *Shift* the language you use to the language of winners.

    https://youtu.be/T0vOdM0p-bI


    Source date (UTC): 2019-11-12 13:17:15 UTC

    Original post: https://twitter.com/i/web/status/1194242756631310337