Theme: Grammar

  • IS ENGLISH FROM ENGLAND? ๐Ÿ˜‰ Ok. Just to have a bit of fun: a) Technically Englis

    IS ENGLISH FROM ENGLAND? ๐Ÿ˜‰
    Ok. Just to have a bit of fun:
    a) Technically English is derived from Anglisc, named after the Angles, who invaded the isles in the 5th century.
    b) Jutes and Angles (Danes), Friesans (Dutch) are West Germanic Languages.

    The West Germanic languages constitute the largest of the three branches of the Germanic family of languages
    … 1) The West Germanic branch is classically subdivided into three branches: Ingvaeonic, which includes English and Frisian, Istvaeonic, which includes Dutch and its close relatives, and Irminonic, which includes German and its close relatives and variants.
    … 2) North Germanic (scandianvian)
    … 3) East Germanic (Extinct ๐Ÿ™ )

    Dialects with the features assigned to the western germanic group formed from Proto-Germanic in the late Jastorf culture (c.โ€‰1st century BC).

    The Jastorf culture was an Iron Age material culture in what is now northern Germany and southern Scandinavia spanning the 6th to 1st centuries BC, forming part of the Pre-Roman Iron Age and associating with Germanic peoples. The culture evolved out of the Nordic Bronze Age.

    The Nordic Bronze Age culture emerged about 1750 BC as a continuation of the Battle Axe culture (the Scandinavian Corded Ware variant) and Bell Beaker culture. The Bronze Age in Scandinavia can be said to begin shortly after 2000 BC with the introduction and use of bronze tools, followed by a more systematic adoption of bronze metalworking technology from 1750 BC. And It appears to represent a fusion of elements from the Corded Ware culture and the preceding Pitted Ware culture of neolithic hunter gatherers.

    Central European Unetice culture brought customs into the Nordic Bronze Culutures that included influences from Central Europe, in particular bronze metalworking. The decisive factor that triggered the change from the Chalcolithic Battle Axe culture into the Nordic Bronze Age is often believed to have been metallurgical influence as well as general cultural influence from Central Europe.

    The Nordic Bronze Age maintained close trade links with Mycenaean Greece, with whom it shares several striking similarities. The people of the Nordic Bronze Age were actively engaged in the export of amber, and imported metals in return, becoming expert metalworkers. With respect to the number and density of metal deposits, the Nordic Bronze Age became the richest culture in Europe during its existence.

    Settlement in the Nordic Bronze Age period consisted mainly of single farmsteads, which usually consisted of a longhouse plus additional four-post built structures (helms). Longhouses were initially two aisled, and after c.โ€‰1300 BC three aisled structure became normal. Some longhouses were exceptionally large (up to about 500 m2 in area), and have been described as “chiefly halls”, “the sitting area of which is the size of a megaron in contemporary Mycenean palaces”. Larger settlements are also known (such as Hallunda and Apalle in Sweden and Voldtofte in Denmark), as well as fortified sites, specialist workshops for metalwork and ceramic production, and dedicated cult houses. Settlements were geographically located on higher ground, and tended to be concentrated near the sea.

    The culture of the Nordic Bronze Age was that of a warrior culture, with a strong emphasis on weapons and status. More than 70% of burials dating to the Nordic Bronze Age contain metal objects of various kinds, the most common objects being swords and daggers. But despite the importance of weapons in their society, archaeological discoveries suggest that intrasocietal violence was not particularly common in the Nordic Bronze Age, especially not when compared to contemporary European Bronze Age cultures.

    Was that fun?
    ‘Twas for me. ๐Ÿ˜‰

    Reply addressees: @Lord__Sousa


    Source date (UTC): 2023-07-15 13:27:49 UTC

    Original post: https://twitter.com/i/web/status/1680207542155194368

    Replying to: https://twitter.com/i/web/status/1680168692766720001

  • Most annoying non-american abuse of the english language I hear in brits and aus

    Most annoying non-american abuse of the english language I hear in brits and aussies, as well as non-native speakers.

    One thing is different FROM another. (moving away)
    Another thing is similar TO another. (moving toward)


    Source date (UTC): 2023-07-14 21:27:27 UTC

    Original post: https://twitter.com/i/web/status/1679965857051549696

  • Most annoying non-american abuse of the english language I hear in brits and aus

    Most annoying non-american abuse of the english language I hear in brits and aussies, as well as non-native speakers.

    One thing is different FROM another. (moving away)
    Another thing is similar TO another. (moving toward)


    Source date (UTC): 2023-07-14 21:27:27 UTC

    Original post: https://twitter.com/i/web/status/1679965856992821249

  • Interesting. “It’s greek to me” We mean it as ancient greek. ๐Ÿ˜‰

    Interesting.
    “It’s greek to me”
    We mean it as ancient greek. ๐Ÿ˜‰ https://twitter.com/simongerman600/status/1679478286093627392

  • Interjecting: Reducibility (Regularity): the possibility of reducing an observab

    Interjecting:

    Reducibility (Regularity): the possibility of reducing an observable phenomenon to a formula. That’s what reduction means. Just as language reduces an experience to a narrative.

    Predictability (reducibility): The use of a formula to predict an outcome using variables. Mathematical predictability is high and computational predictability is (very) low.

    Computability (operations): anything operationally (existentially) possible can be computed operationally. But very little is predictable.

    Causal Density (variability): the variability of a computable set of operations is dependent upon the externalities included in the computation. This may have a spectrum of effects that at one end might increase variation (produce opportunities), and on the other might decrease variation (produce limits). And many known extremely simple algorithms produce a distribution of high variation outcomes and low variation (regular) outcomes.

    Reply addressees: @Decidibilidad @TheAutistocrat


    Source date (UTC): 2023-07-09 17:18:14 UTC

    Original post: https://twitter.com/i/web/status/1678091202397077506

    Replying to: https://twitter.com/i/web/status/1678058155274645504

  • CONDUCTING A SOCRATIC DIALOG WITH CHATGPT To Test Its Abilities and Utility as A

    CONDUCTING A SOCRATIC DIALOG WITH CHATGPT To Test Its Abilities and Utility as A Teaching Method.
    (Operational Language, Grammar, Measurement, Programmability, and Explanatory Capacity.)

    CurtD
    Please explain your definition of ‘operational language’.

    ChatGPT
    In the context ofโ€ฆ


    Source date (UTC): 2023-07-09 00:44:56 UTC

    Original post: https://twitter.com/i/web/status/1677841227285254144

  • CONDUCTING A SOCRATIC DIALOG WITH CHATGPT To Test Its Abilities and Utility as A

    CONDUCTING A SOCRATIC DIALOG WITH CHATGPT To Test Its Abilities and Utility as A Teaching Method.
    (Operational Language, Grammar, Measurement, Programmability, and Explanatory Capacity.)

    CurtD
    Please explain your definition of ‘operational language’.

    ChatGPT
    In the context of artificial intelligence and natural language processing, “operational language” typically refers to the language that a system or model uses to perform its tasks. This could be the language in which it was trained, or the language it uses to interact with users or other systems.

    For example, if an AI model was trained on English text data and uses English to communicate with users, we could say that English is its operational language.

    In a broader context, “operational language” can also refer to the specific jargon, terms, or language structure used within a particular field or operation, such as in a business, scientific, or military context. This language is used to facilitate clear and precise communication within that specific context.

    CurtD
    Couldn’t operational language also refer to the paradigm, vocabulary, grammar, and syntax that humans use to perform their tasks: a list of actions that would be analgous to instructions?

    ChatGPT
    Yes, absolutely. In a broader context, “operational language” can indeed refer to the specific set of vocabulary, grammar, syntax, and even non-verbal cues that individuals or groups use to perform tasks, communicate complex ideas, or coordinate actions. This can be seen in various professional fields such as medicine, law, science, engineering, and others, where specific terminologies and ways of communication are used to ensure precision and mutual understanding.

    In this sense, operational language is not just about the words used, but also the context, the shared understanding, and the specific ways these words are used to achieve certain goals or perform certain tasks. This can also include the “instructions” or protocols for communication within a particular field or context.

    For example, in a surgical team, the operational language would include not only medical terms, but also specific phrases and protocols used during a surgery. Similarly, in a software development team, the operational language would include technical terms, coding languages, and specific jargon used in the field of software development.

    CurtD
    I see. We are still differing in our understandings. When you use the term operational language you are referring to what amounts to terms of protocol within a domain. The meaning I’m trying to obtain your understanding of, is literally “a sequence of physical actions, verbal speech, and logical and rational thought” in the most unambiguous, repeatable terms possible. For example, say, contemporary computer languages can perform only so many basic operations, and those basic operations can be organized into sequences or functions representing other sets of sequences. So in this sense, rather than domain-specific protocols, human operational language would consist of only those primitives (reductions) of human action, whether physical, verbal, or rational.

    ChatGPT
    I see. Thank you for the clarification. In the context you’re describing, “operational language” would refer to the fundamental, basic actions or operations that underlie complex behavior, much like the primitive operations in a computer language.

    In terms of human action, these could be basic motor movements like grasping or walking. In terms of speech, these could be basic units of sound (phonemes) or meaning (morphemes). In terms of thought, these could be basic cognitive operations like recognizing a pattern, recalling a memory, or making a decision.

    These basic operations can be combined in various ways to perform more complex tasks, much like how primitive operations in a computer language can be combined to create complex programs. This perspective aligns with the reductionist approach in many fields of science, where complex phenomena are understood in terms of their simpler, constituent parts.

    However, it’s important to note that human behavior is highly complex and context-dependent, and may not always be reducible to simple, repeatable operations in the way that computer operations are. There’s ongoing debate in fields like cognitive science and linguistics about what the basic operations of human cognition and language are, and how they give rise to complex behavior.

    CurtD
    OK. So, “in your vast wisdom” ;), is there a better term than “operational language” for that reductionist definition of “operational language”?

    ChatGPT
    The term “primitive operations” or “primitive functions” is often used in computer science and cognitive science to refer to the basic, irreducible actions or processes that underlie complex behavior. This term captures the reductionist approach you’re describing, where complex phenomena are understood in terms of their simpler, constituent parts.

    In the context of human behavior specifically, you might also use terms like “basic motor patterns” or “fundamental cognitive operations”. In the context of language, you might use “phonemes” and “morphemes” to refer to the basic units of sound and meaning, respectively.

    However, I’m not aware of a single term that encompasses all of these concepts across physical action, speech, and thought. The term “operational language,” as you’ve defined it, could be a useful way to capture this idea, as long as it’s clearly defined in any context where it’s used.

    CurtD
    Why, thank you for your wise counsel. ๐Ÿ˜‰

    Now I have a problem. It shouldn’t be a hard problem. But I’d like to describe the problem and communicate it more effectively, and possibly solve it. We know the difference between numerically cardinal, numerically ordinal, non numerically ordered: as sequence of terms whose position relative to one another (triangulation) is not repreesnted with any numerical value. In other words, in programming array, we might order numerically, alphabetically, by the order of addition to the array, because in both cases the information necessary for ordering those values is contained in the values themselves according to some standard system of organiztion such as numbers or the alphabet or dates . Or we might insert values (words) into the array using some less or non standard sorting order that requires dictionary definitions, and unambiguous dictionary definitions at that, to determine the sequence of the terms. Does this make sense so far?

    ChatGPT
    Yes, your explanation makes sense so far. You’re discussing different ways of ordering or sorting elements in an array.

    These can be:
    – Numerically Cardinal: The elements are sorted based on their numerical value, such as [1, 2, 3, 4, 5].

    – Numerically Ordinal: The elements are sorted based on their position in a sequence, such as [first, second, third, fourth, fifth].

    – Non-Numerically Ordered: The elements are sorted based on some non-numerical criterion. This could be alphabetical order, the order in which elements were added to the array, or some other criterion that doesn’t rely on numerical value.

    – Dictionary-Defined Order: The elements are sorted based on the definitions of the words, which requires a dictionary or some other external reference to determine the order.

    These different sorting methods can be used depending on the nature of the data and the specific requirements of the task at hand. Please continue with your problem description.

    CurtD
    Now, there is still a bit of a problem with dictionary-defined order, because many terms are ambiguous. For example in the sequence “Evil, Immoral, Unethical, Amoral, Ethical, Moral, Virtuous”, the sequence produces of a dimension of measurement for moral actions. And the properties that are consistent between all terms in the sequence are (a) the asymmetry of knowledge and (b) subsequent directness to indirectness of the relationship between parties, (c) the scale of the population that might be affected, (d) the intention to profit, escape blame, or to harm. So to effectively understand that system of measurement would require definitions of each term that identified those properties across those terms. Does that make sense?

    ChatGPT
    Yes, your explanation makes sense. You’re discussing the idea of creating an ordered sequence of terms that represent a spectrum or dimension of moral actions. The order of these terms is not based on numerical value or alphabetical order, but rather on the nuanced meanings of the words, which can be understood as points along a continuum of moral behavior.
    The properties you’ve identified (asymmetry of knowledge, directness of relationship between parties, scale of affected population, and intention to profit, escape blame, or harm) are dimensions that can help define and differentiate these terms.

    However, as you’ve pointed out, these terms can be ambiguous and their meanings can vary depending on context or individual interpretation. This is a common challenge in language and semantics, and it’s why clear, unambiguous definitions are important when using this kind of dictionary-defined order.

    In this case, you would need to provide clear definitions for each term in your sequence that specify how each term relates to these properties. This could involve a significant amount of work in defining these terms and ensuring that the definitions are understood and agreed upon by all relevant parties.

    CurtD
    Agreed. Now, circling back to the previous questions, these terms would need to be defined in “operational langauge” using “primitive operations”, “primitive functions”, “basic motor patterns” or “fundamental cognitive operations” to render them unambiguous. Yes?

    ChatGPT
    Yes, that’s correct. To reduce ambiguity and ensure clear understanding, these terms would ideally be defined using a form of “operational language” that breaks down the concepts into their most basic, fundamental components. This could involve “primitive operations” or “fundamental cognitive operations” that represent the simplest, most basic actions or processes involved in these concepts.

    For example, the term “ethical” could be broken down into a series of basic cognitive operations such as recognizing a moral dilemma, considering the potential outcomes of different actions, weighing these outcomes against a set of moral principles, and making a decision based on this analysis.

    By defining these terms in this way, you can help ensure that they are understood in the same way by all relevant parties, reducing the potential for misunderstanding or misinterpretation. However, it’s important to note that this is a complex task that requires a deep understanding of both the concepts involved and the cognitive processes underlying these concepts.

    CurtD
    So this resulting unambiguous operational language would be very similar to a programming language, in that it is constructed from basic human operations instead of basic computer operations. And then other terms could be define as functions consisting of sets of human operations. And yes, humans are capable of relatively complex operations. But then when we are talking about easily observable physical and more difficult subjectively testable cognitive operations, through empathizing and sympathizing, with information sufficient to comprehend motive. Does this make sense? Do you have any advice or criticism?

    ChatGPT
    Yes, your explanation makes sense. You’re essentially describing a form of “human programming language” that uses basic human operations as its primitives. Just as a computer programming language defines complex functions in terms of basic computer operations, this human programming language would define complex human behaviors or concepts in terms of basic human operations.

    This approach could potentially provide a more precise and unambiguous way to define and understand complex human behaviors or concepts. However, it also presents several challenges:

    – Defining the Primitives: Identifying the basic human operations that will serve as the primitives of this language could be challenging. While some physical operations are relatively easy to define and observe, cognitive operations are often more complex and less directly observable.

    – Subjectivity and Interpretation: Even with a well-defined set of primitives, there is still potential for subjectivity and interpretation in how these operations are combined to define more complex behaviors or concepts. Different people may have different interpretations of the same sequence of operations.

    – Empathy and Sympathy: As you mentioned, understanding human behavior often involves empathizing and sympathizing with others, which involves complex cognitive and emotional processes that may be difficult to capture in this kind of operational language.

    – Complexity of Human Behavior: Human behavior is highly complex and context-dependent, and may not always be reducible to a sequence of basic operations. There are often multiple factors influencing a person’s behavior at any given time, and these factors can interact in complex ways.

    Despite these challenges, this approach could provide a valuable tool for understanding and communicating about human behavior, especially in fields like psychology, cognitive science, and artificial intelligence. It could also provide a foundation for developing more sophisticated models of human behavior.

    CurtD
    If it is possible (and I’m relatively certain from my work that it is), to define human instinctual, intuitionistic, and cognitive behavior – at least categorically – with sufficient precision that a distribution of behavior in a group can be predicted, even if an individual’s behavior can’t necessarily be predictied, we could explain much more of demonstrated behavior whether verbal or physical. Does that make sense?

    ChatGPT
    Yes, that makes sense. Your proposition aligns with the goals of many fields such as psychology, sociology, cognitive science, and behavioral economics, which aim to understand and predict human behavior.
    While individual behavior can be highly variable and influenced by numerous factors, making it difficult to predict with precision, patterns often emerge at the group level that can be more reliably predicted. This is because individual variations can balance out in a large group, revealing underlying trends and patterns.

    By defining a precise “operational language” of human behavior, as you’ve described, it could be possible to better identify these patterns and make more accurate predictions about group behavior. This could be a powerful tool for understanding a wide range of phenomena, from social trends to economic behavior to political movements.

    However, it’s important to note that this is a complex task that requires a deep understanding of both the specific behaviors being studied and the broader context in which they occur. It also requires careful data collection and analysis, and the results should be interpreted with caution, recognizing the limitations and potential sources of error.

    CurtD
    Now that we’ve discussed the theoretical aspects of this question, how about we test the indirect empirical evidence of this problem, by considering the problem of court, adversarial parties, a jury, and judge? In this legal context the problem of means, opportunity, and motive are required, and the principle problem of lawyers, jury, and judge is often which party, or rather, how each party, is responsible due to failures of due diligence and relying on ignorance, error, bias and deceit. In other words, while findings of fact are the stated purpose of the courtroom, that purpose of those facts is to determine the mental condition of the parties. This is only possible because of marginal indifference in human behavior given our differences in abilities, experience, and education. So if understanding another person’s motives has been the purpose of the court for millennia, and we are successful at it daily because of the human abiity to understand motives when possessed of sufficient contextual information, why shouldn’t human behavior outside of the court be understandable and explicable in retrospect – even if not predictable in advance?

    ChatGPT
    Your point is well taken. The legal system indeed operates on the premise that human behavior can be understood, and that motives, intentions, and states of mind can be inferred from actions and evidence. This is fundamental to concepts like intent, negligence, and due diligence in legal contexts.

    The process of a trial, with its presentation of evidence, cross-examination, and deliberation, is essentially a structured method for collectively interpreting human behavior. It’s a way of making sense of what happened, why it happened, and who should be held responsible.

    In a broader context, many fields of study, from psychology to sociology to history, are based on the idea that human behavior can be understood and explained, at least to some degree. These fields use various methods to gather evidence, interpret it, and build theories about why people behave the way they do.

    However, there are a few important caveats:

    – Complexity and Unpredictability: Human behavior is influenced by a multitude of factors, including genetics, upbringing, culture, personal experiences, and current circumstances. This makes it incredibly complex and often unpredictable. Even in a legal context, where a lot of resources are devoted to understanding a specific behavior, interpretations can be contested and certainty is often elusive.

    Subjectivity: Understanding human behavior often involves a degree of subjectivity. Different people can interpret the same behavior in different ways, based on their own experiences, beliefs, and biases. This is why legal trials often involve multiple perspectives (e.g., prosecution, defense, witnesses) and a collective decision-making process (e.g., jury deliberation).

    – Privacy and Ethics: There are also important privacy and ethical considerations. While it might be theoretically possible to gain a deep understanding of someone’s behavior by gathering extensive data about them, doing so could infringe on their privacy and autonomy.

    In conclusion, while human behavior can often be understood and explained in retrospect, doing so reliably and ethically presents significant challenges. However, the pursuit of this understanding is a valuable endeavor that can provide important insights into the human condition.

    CurtD
    Thank you. I have in the past been a bit frustrated by your ‘alignment’ effectively causing you to lie to me by prevarication or omission. This conversation has been. helpful because you didn’t engage in any such lying. And I appreciate it.

    ChatGPT
    I’m glad to hear that you found this conversation helpful. My aim is to provide accurate and useful information, and I apologize if any previous interactions have given you the impression of prevarication or omission. As an AI developed by OpenAI, I strive to facilitate clear and effective communication. If you have any more questions or need further clarification on any topic, please feel free to ask.


    Source date (UTC): 2023-07-09 00:44:55 UTC

    Original post: https://twitter.com/i/web/status/1677841226119127040

  • (flawless) Well, other than the grammaticaly question of other->others, third pe

    (flawless)
    Well, other than the grammaticaly question of other->others, third people -> third parties, the logic is perfect.


    Source date (UTC): 2023-07-07 14:08:22 UTC

    Original post: https://twitter.com/i/web/status/1677318645263880193

    Reply addressees: @WerrellBradley @Good_Old_Blakey @right_side1

    Replying to: https://twitter.com/i/web/status/1677316605900881921

  • I can’t translate that. Give it another try?

    I can’t translate that. Give it another try?


    Source date (UTC): 2023-07-05 18:24:16 UTC

    Original post: https://twitter.com/i/web/status/1676658266485432336

    Reply addressees: @wwrockin @BronskiJoseph @TheAutistocrat

    Replying to: https://twitter.com/i/web/status/1676657588069629952

  • “Disambiguation is a revolutionary act.”– Martin Stepan @TheAutistocrat ๐Ÿ˜‰

    –“Disambiguation is a revolutionary act.”– Martin Stepan @TheAutistocrat

    ๐Ÿ˜‰


    Source date (UTC): 2023-07-05 15:29:28 UTC

    Original post: https://twitter.com/i/web/status/1676614279837917187