Category: Science, Physics, and Philosophy of Science

  • Why Is There Oil in The Middle East? (lessons)

    Hydrocarbons are from dead organic material – and you need an astonishing set of circumstances to make oil out of these things and preserve them. First, you’ve got to concentrate them somewhere where they’re not dispersed or oxidized – which means in swamps, marshes, lakes or something like that. (See “Peat Marshes” and “Bog Bodies”.) Then you’ve got to heat them up slowly over a long, long period to cook them up to make oil. And then, when they make oil and start to ‘ferment’, you’ve got to have some way of trapping the liquid and the gas. All these things, it turns out, happen on the margins of continents. Sediments just get washed in, and all those dead things get buried deeper and deeper and gently get cooked for a long time. So, the circumstances for making oil are very good on the margins of continents. Especially the margins of oceans that aren’t on a plate boundary – because there are no earthquakes there. Now, what happened in Saudi Arabia is that that happened to be on the margin of a huge ocean which separated Asia from the southern continents. So, a hundred million years ago, Africa, India and Arabia were all a long way further south from where they are now and they’ve all moved north and bashed into Asia. One of those places is [what is now] Saudi Arabia, Iran and Iraq. And what’s happened is the margin of that ocean, with the margins of Arabia, and Africa and India, have all just popped up above sea level from the pressure of colliding together.

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    Millions of years ago, most of the Middle East was covered by what scientists call the Tethys Ocean (aka Tethys Sea). Rivers flowing into the ocean gave rise to trillions of microscopic organisms and other marine plants and animals. The corpses of these organisms on the ocean floor is where oil (and natural gas) comes from. This is why they are called fossil fuels. Over millions of years, this decomposing organic material became covered by miles of new organic matter and also the sand and salt flowing in from the rivers and streams. Yes, salt flows into the ocean from freshwater rivers and streams. Anyway, these layers became more and more packed as newer layers formed on top of the previous layers. The pressure and heat from these upper layers change the buried organic matter into a sludgy substance of hydrocarbons and other compounds that constitute what we know as crude oil. Theoretically, as long as marine life keeps dying, oil will keep being created So it’s not that there is more oil in the middle east than anywhere else. There’s loads of oil on the other continental margins – but that’s all underwater. It’s hard and expensive to get out. Whereas in Saudi Arabia, Iran and Iraq it’s popped up nicely above sea level and also in. So it’s actually extremely easy to find, an cheap to take out. It’s just more that it is conveniently situated than anything else. (Source: From an interview with James Jackson from the University of Cambridge and other sources on the internet, map from paleomap project)

  • Jan 18, 2020, 2:20 AM The galaxy has only rotated 50 – 60 times, the earth has o

    Jan 18, 2020, 2:20 AM

    The galaxy has only rotated 50 – 60 times, the earth has only rotated around it 20 times, we pass through the galactic plane every 30-40m years, and are part of a wave-shaped stellar nursery above and below the plane.

  • Jan 18, 2020, 2:20 AM The galaxy has only rotated 50 – 60 times, the earth has o

    Jan 18, 2020, 2:20 AM

    The galaxy has only rotated 50 – 60 times, the earth has only rotated around it 20 times, we pass through the galactic plane every 30-40m years, and are part of a wave-shaped stellar nursery above and below the plane.

  • Collapse of The Universe Would Be as Rapid as Expansion of The Universe

    Collapse of The Universe Would Be as Rapid as Expansion of The Universe https://propertarianism.com/2020/05/29/collapse-of-the-universe-would-be-as-rapid-as-expansion-of-the-universe/


    Source date (UTC): 2020-05-29 16:08:12 UTC

    Original post: https://twitter.com/i/web/status/1266400963209900034

  • Collapse of The Universe Would Be as Rapid as Expansion of The Universe

    Mar 6, 2020, 10:06 AM I have known about this theory for a few years, because I follow WItten’s work. It is the most believable AND most terrifying explanation of the universe’s ending, because it corresponds to spooky action at a distance, meaning that collapse of the universe would be as rapid as expansion of the universe. It’s the least implausible solution that answers every open question other than the physical construction of the background (higgs field). (Note that the profession doesn’t consider it terribly plausible.)

  • Collapse of The Universe Would Be as Rapid as Expansion of The Universe

    Mar 6, 2020, 10:06 AM I have known about this theory for a few years, because I follow WItten’s work. It is the most believable AND most terrifying explanation of the universe’s ending, because it corresponds to spooky action at a distance, meaning that collapse of the universe would be as rapid as expansion of the universe. It’s the least implausible solution that answers every open question other than the physical construction of the background (higgs field). (Note that the profession doesn’t consider it terribly plausible.)

  • Truth Is Enough. No More Pseudoscience.

    Mar 18, 2020, 1:42 PM

    —“Humans have no subspecies.”—

    We are animals, and no different from every other creature on this earth. We adapted by class distribution, degree and rate of maturity, dimorphism in development, and by personality and temperament, in relation to environmental conditions in different temperate (latitudinal) bands across the planet with division into species, subspecies, and sub-subspecies, and continuous recursive admixture. “Species” refers only to local morphological and behavioral adaptation to conditions. It does not refer to reproductive capacity. If it did then most of the species would disappear from our lists. Our political correctness (Pseudoscience, of denial of genetic differences and their expression) is part of the marxist-postmodernist-feminist counter revolution against modernity. The fact that some species tend to inbreed, and humans and other predators like us will sometimes cross breed is due to greater identification of reproductive opportunity in more evolved organisms – and the reality of greater desirability of female neoteny as a signal of fertility regardless of species. This list has not changed much in over a century. I keep track of the tribes (they would make this list too long). But the beauty of diversity is in local homogeneity and worldwide diversity that continues genetic computation at scale producing anti-fragility and continuing human evolution. What is interesting is that these genetic differences evoke a disgust (purity) response in conservatives (threat) and a novelty response (opportunity) in progressives. This merely illustrates ur genetic strategies of the female consumer (progressive) and the male producer (conservative). In other words we are just following our instincts. Subfamily Homininae … Tribe Gorillini Genus Gorilla … … Western gorilla, Gorilla gorilla … … … Western lowland gorilla, Gorilla gorilla gorilla … … … Cross River gorilla, Gorilla gorilla diehli … … Eastern gorilla, Gorilla beringei … … … Mountain gorilla, Gorilla beringei beringei … … … Eastern lowland gorilla, Gorilla beringei graueri … Tribe Hominini … … Subtribe Panina … … … Genus Pan … … … … Chimpanzee (common chimpanzee), Pan troglodytes … … … … … Central chimpanzee, Pan troglodytes troglodytes … … … … … Western chimpanzee, Pan troglodytes verus … … … … … Nigeria-Cameroon chimpanzee, Pan troglodytes ellioti … … … … … Eastern chimpanzee, Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii … … … … Bonobo (pygmy chimpanzee), Pan paniscus … … Subtribe Hominina … … … Genus Homo … … … … Human, Homo sapiens (Anatomically modern human) … … … … … 1- African (Species Homo Negroid / Homo African) … … … … … 2- Australoid (Species Homo Negrito / Homo Australoid) … … … … … 3- Dravidian (Dravidian) -> Indo Iranic Dravidian … … … … … 4- Mongoloid … … … … … … … NE Asian … … … … … … … Mongolian … … … … … … … Tibetan … … … … … … … Paleo Siberia … … … … … … … FInno Ugric Mongolian … … … … … … … Amerindian … … … … … … … SE Asian … … … … … … … Oceanan … … … … … 5- Caucasoid … … … … … … … European … … … … … … … Iranic … … … … … … … … Iranian … … … … … … … … Tajik … … … … … … … … Semitic … … … … … … … … North African … … … … … … … Indo-Iranic -> Indo Iranic Dravidian

  • Truth Is Enough. No More Pseudoscience.

    Mar 18, 2020, 1:42 PM

    —“Humans have no subspecies.”—

    We are animals, and no different from every other creature on this earth. We adapted by class distribution, degree and rate of maturity, dimorphism in development, and by personality and temperament, in relation to environmental conditions in different temperate (latitudinal) bands across the planet with division into species, subspecies, and sub-subspecies, and continuous recursive admixture. “Species” refers only to local morphological and behavioral adaptation to conditions. It does not refer to reproductive capacity. If it did then most of the species would disappear from our lists. Our political correctness (Pseudoscience, of denial of genetic differences and their expression) is part of the marxist-postmodernist-feminist counter revolution against modernity. The fact that some species tend to inbreed, and humans and other predators like us will sometimes cross breed is due to greater identification of reproductive opportunity in more evolved organisms – and the reality of greater desirability of female neoteny as a signal of fertility regardless of species. This list has not changed much in over a century. I keep track of the tribes (they would make this list too long). But the beauty of diversity is in local homogeneity and worldwide diversity that continues genetic computation at scale producing anti-fragility and continuing human evolution. What is interesting is that these genetic differences evoke a disgust (purity) response in conservatives (threat) and a novelty response (opportunity) in progressives. This merely illustrates ur genetic strategies of the female consumer (progressive) and the male producer (conservative). In other words we are just following our instincts. Subfamily Homininae … Tribe Gorillini Genus Gorilla … … Western gorilla, Gorilla gorilla … … … Western lowland gorilla, Gorilla gorilla gorilla … … … Cross River gorilla, Gorilla gorilla diehli … … Eastern gorilla, Gorilla beringei … … … Mountain gorilla, Gorilla beringei beringei … … … Eastern lowland gorilla, Gorilla beringei graueri … Tribe Hominini … … Subtribe Panina … … … Genus Pan … … … … Chimpanzee (common chimpanzee), Pan troglodytes … … … … … Central chimpanzee, Pan troglodytes troglodytes … … … … … Western chimpanzee, Pan troglodytes verus … … … … … Nigeria-Cameroon chimpanzee, Pan troglodytes ellioti … … … … … Eastern chimpanzee, Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii … … … … Bonobo (pygmy chimpanzee), Pan paniscus … … Subtribe Hominina … … … Genus Homo … … … … Human, Homo sapiens (Anatomically modern human) … … … … … 1- African (Species Homo Negroid / Homo African) … … … … … 2- Australoid (Species Homo Negrito / Homo Australoid) … … … … … 3- Dravidian (Dravidian) -> Indo Iranic Dravidian … … … … … 4- Mongoloid … … … … … … … NE Asian … … … … … … … Mongolian … … … … … … … Tibetan … … … … … … … Paleo Siberia … … … … … … … FInno Ugric Mongolian … … … … … … … Amerindian … … … … … … … SE Asian … … … … … … … Oceanan … … … … … 5- Caucasoid … … … … … … … European … … … … … … … Iranic … … … … … … … … Iranian … … … … … … … … Tajik … … … … … … … … Semitic … … … … … … … … North African … … … … … … … Indo-Iranic -> Indo Iranic Dravidian

  • Neural networks naturally organize according to energy costs

    Neural networks naturally organize according to energy costs https://propertarianism.com/2020/05/28/neural-networks-naturally-organize-according-to-energy-costs/


    Source date (UTC): 2020-05-28 19:02:21 UTC

    Original post: https://twitter.com/i/web/status/1266082400343404545

  • Neural networks naturally organize according to energy costs

    Mar 23, 2020, 11:37 PM

    —” A recent theory, based on thermodynamics in physics, suggests that neural networks in a healthy brain naturally organize together according to energy costs into a sufficient number of connection “microstates” that lead to consciousness. Too many or too few microstates and the brain loses its adaptability, processing powers, and sometimes the ability to keep itself online.”—