One measure is the difficulty in getting into the economics program at GMU. And it’s non trivial. There is quite a bit of demand there. I think Brian has made a niche for himself as someone who thinks outside the box in certain areas and for that reason I think he’s taken seriously. The problem is more one of the question you’re asking. That is “the establishment”. There is no such consensus in economics that one could call ‘the establishment’, on anything other than some pretty broad brush concepts. There are a large number of people who support the investment and government communities. There are fewer who handle social issues. So economics is a set of biases and specialties and it’s useful to look at thinkers in the context of their niche, not so much as whether they’re mainstream or not. https://www.quora.com/Are-Bryan-Caplans-views-taken-seriously-by-the-economics-establishment