The empirical revolution, and its counter-revolution “the enlightenment”: the international attempt to restate local custom in local categories, relations, operations and values, other than deflationary empirical prose – because otherwise the extant order would not withstand such scrutiny.
But that counter-revolution came from the most backwardly governed country in europe by a man of profoundly low (libertine) character who presumed an idyllic fictional (feminine actually) nature of mankind. A wish not a truth.
Man is neither moral nor immoral, but amoral. It is just nearly always more rewarding to act morally – at least over any period of time.
One cannot be philosophically literate without knowledge of economics (incentives) precisely for this reason: man’s amoralism.