FROM TRUTH TO LIE: IMPROVEMENTS TO ANALYSIS OF ARGUMENT AND DEBATE This spectrum

FROM TRUTH TO LIE: IMPROVEMENTS TO ANALYSIS OF ARGUMENT AND DEBATE

This spectrum covers the categories of argument used to make honest statements or to deceive.

I – HONEST (SCIENTIFIC) STATEMENTS

1 – Operational language (as observable actions)

2 – Unloaded language (absent verb ‘to-be’) (Unprimed / E-Prime)

II – LOADED STATEMENTS

3 – Loaded Language (with verb ‘to be’)

4 – Shaming and Rallying Language (morally loaded language)

III – OBSTRUCTIVE STATEMENTS

5 – Obscurant Language

6 – Analogistic language

IV – DECEPTIVE STATEMENTS

7 – Lying by Omission

8 – Lying by Misrepresentation

V – COMBINED DECEPTIVE STATEMENTS

9 – combinations of types II,III,IV.