Curt Doolittle

Theme: Science

  • photos_and_videos/TimelinePhotos_dJ9jhts2Ng/84391809_566699850593576_50368984279

    photos_and_videos/TimelinePhotos_dJ9jhts2Ng/84391809_566699850593576_5036898427955314688_n_566699843926910.jpg SNP’S (SNIPS) THE ‘BITS’ OF THE GENOME

    (basic genetic terms)

    A single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP, or ‘snip’) is a substitution of a single nucleotide that occurs at a specific position in the genome, where each variation is present at a level of more than 1% in the population

    More than 335 million SNPs have been found across humans from multiple populations. A typical genome differs from the reference human genome at 4 to 5 million sites, most of which (more than 99.9%) consist of SNPs and short indels

    Single-nucleotide polymorphisms may fall within coding sequences of genes, non-coding regions of genes, or in the intergenic regions (regions between genes). SNPs within a coding sequence do not necessarily change the amino acid sequence of the protein that is produced, due to degeneracy of the genetic code.

    The genomic distribution of SNPs is not homogenous; SNPs occur in non-coding regions more frequently than in coding regions or, in general, where natural selection is acting and “fixing” the allele (eliminating other variants) of the SNP that constitutes the most favorable genetic adaptation.

    A large part of DNA (more than 98% for humans) is non-coding, meaning that these sections do not serve as patterns for protein sequences.

    SNPs in the coding region are of two types: synonymous and nonsynonymous SNPs. Synonymous SNPs do not affect the protein sequence, while nonsynonymous SNPs change the amino acid sequence of protein.

    SNPs that are not in protein-coding regions may still affect gene splicing, transcription factor binding, messenger RNA degradation, or the sequence of noncoding RNA.SNP’S (SNIPS) THE ‘BITS’ OF THE GENOME

    (basic genetic terms)

    A single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP, or ‘snip’) is a substitution of a single nucleotide that occurs at a specific position in the genome, where each variation is present at a level of more than 1% in the population

    More than 335 million SNPs have been found across humans from multiple populations. A typical genome differs from the reference human genome at 4 to 5 million sites, most of which (more than 99.9%) consist of SNPs and short indels

    Single-nucleotide polymorphisms may fall within coding sequences of genes, non-coding regions of genes, or in the intergenic regions (regions between genes). SNPs within a coding sequence do not necessarily change the amino acid sequence of the protein that is produced, due to degeneracy of the genetic code.

    The genomic distribution of SNPs is not homogenous; SNPs occur in non-coding regions more frequently than in coding regions or, in general, where natural selection is acting and “fixing” the allele (eliminating other variants) of the SNP that constitutes the most favorable genetic adaptation.

    A large part of DNA (more than 98% for humans) is non-coding, meaning that these sections do not serve as patterns for protein sequences.

    SNPs in the coding region are of two types: synonymous and nonsynonymous SNPs. Synonymous SNPs do not affect the protein sequence, while nonsynonymous SNPs change the amino acid sequence of protein.

    SNPs that are not in protein-coding regions may still affect gene splicing, transcription factor binding, messenger RNA degradation, or the sequence of noncoding RNA.

    Source date (UTC): 2020-02-03 08:10:00 UTC

  • I do not see numbers and rates of propagation that reflect anywhere near the sev

    I do not see numbers and rates of propagation that reflect anywhere near the severity that I would expect from a serious pandemic that would alter the course of china’s history. It’s early yet. But so far unless it mutates (and it can) that doesn’t seem likely.

    Source date (UTC): 2020-02-03 03:49:43 UTC

    Original post: https://twitter.com/i/web/status/1224178124889513985

    Reply addressees: @QuestionMThings

    Replying to: https://twitter.com/i/web/status/1224175748652634113

    IN REPLY TO:

    Original post on X

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    Original post: https://twitter.com/i/web/status/1224175748652634113

  • photos_and_videos/TimelinePhotos_kg5QueHwVw/83991359_197810238283804_31468553086

    photos_and_videos/TimelinePhotos_kg5QueHwVw/83991359_197810238283804_3146855308656115712_o_197810228283805.jpg PHYSICAL LAWS THAT LIMIT ALL SOCIAL ORDERSPHYSICAL LAWS THAT LIMIT ALL SOCIAL ORDERS

    Source date (UTC): 2020-02-02 19:15:00 UTC

  • This is a secular theological, or philosophical, rather than scientific or opera

    This is a secular theological, or philosophical, rather than scientific or operational description. I understand the “strange’ continental obsession with restoring the theology of the church with some secular theology – from rousseau to kant to marx to present europe is ‘stuck’.

    Source date (UTC): 2020-02-02 16:05:40 UTC

    Original post: https://twitter.com/i/web/status/1224000942862929924

    Reply addressees: @Hauptgefreiter1

    Replying to: https://twitter.com/i/web/status/1223999940432683009

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    Original post on X

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    Original post: https://twitter.com/i/web/status/1223999940432683009

  • @VDARE: AFAIK, eas asians have a much higher vulnerability to RNA viruses for ge

    @VDARE: AFAIK, eas asians have a much higher vulnerability to RNA viruses for genetic reasons including the accessibility to the cell. (Paper released last night)

    Source date (UTC): 2020-02-02 14:51:14 UTC

    Original post: https://twitter.com/i/web/status/1223982210589564934

    Reply addressees: @vdare

    Replying to: https://twitter.com/i/web/status/1223962866178568193

    IN REPLY TO:

    @vdare

    “In fact, as far as I can tell, all of the confirmed cases have been of Chinese people. According to Sri Lankan radio, the case in Sri Lanka was a “Chinese tourist” …

    #CoronaOutbreak #Coronarivus

    https://t.co/mDJaFdp3AO

    Original post: https://twitter.com/i/web/status/1223962866178568193

  • Correct. (Although it was Weber’s idea, and his understanding of money was Simme

    Correct. (Although it was Weber’s idea, and his understanding of money was Simmel’s.) I have sympathy for Mises because he was on the spectrum aslo. But I had the benefit of Popper, Kuhn, Hayek and Turing and others, and I understood math vs logic vs science .. and he didn’t.

    Source date (UTC): 2020-02-02 03:08:28 UTC

    Original post: https://twitter.com/i/web/status/1223805356746465282

    Reply addressees: @HliosX

    Replying to: https://twitter.com/i/web/status/1223804391758626817

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    Original post on X

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    Original post: https://twitter.com/i/web/status/1223804391758626817

  • And since evidence has falsified marxism, socialism, and science has falsified f

    And since evidence has falsified marxism, socialism, and science has falsified feminism, postmodernism, and denial of our substantial differences in gender, class, and race, other than invasive immigration the west would have survived the 20th century of social pseudoscience.

    Source date (UTC): 2020-02-02 02:04:22 UTC

    Original post: https://twitter.com/i/web/status/1223789225084104705

    Reply addressees: @MercuryFeetBC @AdielleAS @GettyImagesNews @woolstonphoto

    Replying to: https://twitter.com/i/web/status/1223788573297647616

    IN REPLY TO:

    Unknown author

    @MercuryFeetBC @AdielleAS @GettyImagesNews @woolstonphoto We have the most ignorant generation in almost two centuries for a reason: by design of the left to manufacture useful idiots under the postwar false promise that their evolutionary condition was a product of oppression rather than market value to others.

    Original post: https://x.com/i/web/status/1223788573297647616

    IN REPLY TO:

    @curtdoolittle

    @MercuryFeetBC @AdielleAS @GettyImagesNews @woolstonphoto We have the most ignorant generation in almost two centuries for a reason: by design of the left to manufacture useful idiots under the postwar false promise that their evolutionary condition was a product of oppression rather than market value to others.

    Original post: https://x.com/i/web/status/1223788573297647616

  • Brachycephalization on the western steppe after the Mesolithic Interesting stuff

    Brachycephalization on the western steppe after the Mesolithic

    Interesting stuff from the ADNABIOARC team at Scientific Reports today:

    Abstract: The Neolithic transition brought about fundamental social, dietary and behavioural changes in human populations, which, in turn, impacted skeletal morphology. Crania are shaped through diverse genetic, ontogenetic and environmental factors, reflecting various elements of an individual’s life. To determine the transition’s effect on cranial morphology, we investigated its potential impact on the face and vault, two elements potentially responding to different influences. Three datasets from geographically distant regions (Ukraine, Iberia, and the Levant plus Anatolia) were analysed. Craniometric measurements were used to compare the morphology of pre-transition populations with that of agricultural populations. The Neolithic transition corresponds to a statistically significant increase only in cranial breadth of the Ukrainian vaults, while facial morphology shows no consistent transformations, despite expected changes related to the modification of masticatory behaviour. The broadening of Ukrainian vaults may be attributable to dietary and/or social changes. However, the lack of change observed in the other geographical regions and the lack of consistent change in facial morphology are surprising. Although the transition from foraging to farming is a process that took place repeatedly across the globe, different characteristics of transitions seem responsible for idiosyncratic responses in cranial morphology.

    Cheronet et al., Morphological change in cranial shape following the transition to agriculture across western Eurasia, Scientific Reports, Published online: 13 September 2016, doi:10.1038/srep33316

    See also..

    Modeling Steppe_EMBA

    Source date (UTC): 2020-02-01 15:02:00 UTC

  • ORDINARY FLU DEATHS EACH YEAR ARE LIMITED (compiled) According to the World Heal

    ORDINARY FLU DEATHS EACH YEAR ARE LIMITED

    (compiled)

    According to the World Health Organization (WHO), flu globally attacks 5%–10% adults and 20%–30% children annually.

    According to the CDC, during the year when the influenza A (H3N2) viruses are prominent, death rates are typically more than double as compared to seasons when the influenza A (H1N1) or influenza B viruses dominate. This is because the influenza A (H3N2) virus is far more potent and contagious than the H1N1 influenza virus.

    Hospitalizations and flu season deaths occur mainly among the high-risk groups such as young children below the age of 5 years, the elderly above the age of 65 years, and those with chronic medical illnesses.

    Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), experts say the flu season is in full swing with an estimated 4.6 million flu illnesses, 39,000 hospitalizations and 2,100 deaths from flu so far this season.

    The rate of outpatient visits for influenza-like illnesses (ILI) spiked in the week ending on Dec 21, from 3.9% to 5.1% — a trend typically seen during winter holidays. Rates of ILI have been above the national baseline of 2.4% for 7 weeks.

    Twenty-five states and the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and New York City reported high levels of ILI. Flu activity was described as widespread in 39 states.

    The CDC said hospitalization rates rose to 6.6 per 100,000 population, up from 5.5 per 100,000 population during the second week of December. The highest rate of hospitalization was among adults aged older than 65 (14.4 per 100,000 population), followed by children ages 0 to 4 (12.5 per 100,000 population) and adults ages 50 to 64 (7.0 per 100,000 population). All age groups have seen a significant increase in the last week.

    The CDC said hospitalization rates mirror previous seasons.

    Influenza A has been detected in 52.9% of hospitalized cases, and 46.4% were associated with influenza B.

    In testing at public health labs, influenza B accounts for 58.8% of positive flu samples collected from across the country, 98.7% of which are Victoria lineage. Influenza A was detected in 41.2% of specimens, with most of those (94.8%) subtyped as the H1N1 strain first seen in 2009.

    “Activity is being caused mostly by influenza B/Victoria viruses, which is unusual for this time of year. A(H1N1) viruses are the next most common and are increasing in proportion relative to other influenza viruses in some regions,” the CDC said.

    Three pediatric deaths were also recorded in the last week, raising the season’s total to 22. All three recent deaths were associated with influenza B viruses; only six deaths in total this season have been associated with influenza A.

    In the 2018-2019 flu season, the CDC confirmed 143 pediatric deaths.

    The CDC encouraged all who have not yet done so to receive a seasonal influenza vaccine, as the season is set to last for several more weeks.

    DEATHS DUE DO EPIDEMICS

    The world has seen five pandemics during the last century, which took a large number of lives. Here are the figures of deaths that occurred in the United States and Worldwide during those years.

    1. 1889 Russian Flu Pandemic – about 1 million flu deaths

    2. “Spanish flu” A of 1918-19 caused the highest number of influenza-related deaths: approximately 500,000 deaths occurred in the U.S. and 20 million worldwide. That figure is more than the total number of deaths caused by the World War one — 16 million. As a matter of fact, during that year, the flu had killed more people than any other illness in recorded history.

    3. “Asian flu” A of 1957-58 caused 70,000 deaths in the United States and about one million to two million deaths worldwide

    4. “Hong-Kong flu” A of 1968-69 resulted in 34,000 deaths in the United States and an estimated one million to three million people died worldwide.

    5. 2009 H1N1 Flu Pandemic – about 18,300 deaths in the United States and up to 203,000 deaths worldwide

    Source date (UTC): 2020-02-01 11:35:00 UTC

  • whomever asked me about “Integrated Information Theory”: it’s an attempt at math

    whomever asked me about “Integrated Information Theory”: it’s an attempt at mathematical description of the requirements. I don’t find it useful. That said the only objection I have to the theory as I undestand it is ‘integration’ because I’m not sure what the author means and I don’t want to spend time investigating a mathematical rather than causal model. That objection is reducible to whether we can access components of a memory – and we can and do. I’m pretty certain of how memories are stored in the brain, and we certainly can access episodes, and features of episodes, and we do store the fragments of each as pure relations even if we can’t introspect upon them. If that’s what he means then fine. I’m not sure. This is why I emphasize operational langauge not descriptive language.

    Source date (UTC): 2020-02-01 11:02:00 UTC