Theme: Measurement
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OK. So…. In the end, Testimonialism is not all that complicated. Sensibility (
OK. So…. In the end, Testimonialism is not all that complicated. Sensibility (intelligibility) and logic consist of constant relations. Constant relations provide commensurability. To say two statements are commensurable and consist of constant relations is a tautology. Dimension: a series of terms (states) consisting of constant relations, organized in a scale – preferably from lower to upper limit. Language: Language consists of descriptions of all phenomena by intersection of dimensions. (yep). All languages develop paradigms of constant relations. Paradigms: Paradigms can consist of relations correspondent with reality, correspondent with ideals, correspondent with myths, or correspondent with occultisms (experiences) – and less. Some paradigms are more correspondent with reality and some less, and some non. Definitions: Definitions by dimensions: definitions in series (deflated) in operational language, illustrating constant relations. We describe counts, distances, areas, spaces, changes in space, equilibrial forces and changes in space, all the way up to pure ‘meaning’ consisting of a handful of constant relations across statements, sentences, paragraphs and narrative. *and those relations are all open to analysis, and enumeration*. We know this because english is constructed as a high precision, low context analytic (not a low precision high context synthetic) language whose dimensions are well understood ( and limited in number). Great complexity emerges from the combined interactions of a small number of root causes. 0-Point (Referent)(Identity, anchor referent)(quantity) 1-Line (Distance)(Relations) 2-Area (Ideal)(Sets) 3-Object (Ideal Object) (Space) 4-Time (Velocity) (Change) 5 – N – Pure Relations 6 – N vs. N’ Relations, (Forces) (Equilibria) 7 – N vs. N’ Intermediate Relations, (Symmetries) 8 – N vs N’ relations between symmetries (Paradigms) 9 – (N vs N’)’ hierarchies of symmetries ad infinitum. (Reality) And we have mathematical techniques for such dimensions. 0 – Correspondence (referents, identity) 1 – Positional names, Arithmetic, Accounting. 2 – Mathematics and algebra (Ratios) 3 – Geometry (Space) 4 – Calculus, Finance, Economics. (Change) 5 – Algebraic Geometry (Math of sets of constant relations) 6 – Physics and Economics (equilibration) 7 – Lie Groups, (Symmetries, Externalities, Future of Economics) Operational Prose = constant relations (commensurability) between by universal measurement of possible and subjectively testable human actions. Operational prose forces constant relations with reality. Man is the measure of all things testifiable by man. Logical and True = Preservation of Constant relations across dimensions.. Decidable = Decidable with the information present without appeal to information not present in the statement. CHANGES: We will need to organize dictionaries by those constant relations. So future dictionaries will be closer to the organization of a thesaurus. (or rather, will combine the two). Such dictionaries will require the falsification of some uses of terms as ‘colloquial’ or ‘out of range’ definitions because they violate the dimensional series. Many(or at least some) terms consist of the intersection of multiple dimensions will have to be modified to specifically falsify conflation. Our contracts tend to make use of global variables. Our contracts do not require definition of all global variables (although some attorneys are better than others). Our contracts often require limits. Our laws require neither definitions nor limits. Our laws do not require construction from first principle of reciprocity. Our definitions do not require proof (construction from constant relations). More later… -
What Do You Mean By “True”?
WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY “TRUE”? A commensurable common language consists of constant relations. In response to any substantive innovation, we falsify some relations, redefine others, and create others. Which in turn requires falsification of some existing terms, redefinition of others, and the creation of yet still others. Yet, what is the minimum reformation of categories, relations and values, and reformation of accompanying language, and illustrative narratives that demonstrate those relations, before that new organization of categories, relations and values is shared? It’s non trivial. It’s less work when that reformation is desirable, and it’s more work when it is undesirable. [D]ECIDABLE: In the REVERSE: In logic we state that a question (statement) is DECIDABLE if an algorithm (set of operations) exists within the limits of the system (rules, axioms, theories) that can produce a decision (choice). In other words, if the sufficient information for the decision is present within the system (ie: is decidable). In the OBVERSE: Instead, we should determine if there is a means of choosing without the need for additional information supplied from outside the system (ie: not discretionary). Or in simple terms, if DISCRETION is unnecessary, a proposition is decidable. This separates reason (or calculation in the wider sense) from computation (algorithm). || TAUTOLOGY < ANALYTIC TRUTH < (IDEAL) TRUTH < TRUTHFULNESS < HONESTY < IMPULSE TAUTOLOGY: Marginally indifferent means of expressing constant relations. ANALYTIC TRUTH: Internally consistent, independent of external correspondence. In the construction of proofs, open to substitution and independent of context, we produce tests of internal consistency (generally speaking, the preservation of ratios). Or more simply, the preservation of constant relations. [T]RUTH: That testimony (description) you would give, if your knowledge (information) was complete, your language was sufficient, stated without error, cleansed of bias, and absent deceit, within the scope of precision limited to the context of the question you wish to answer; and the promise that another possessed of the same knowledge (information), performing the same due diligence, having the same experiences, would provide the same testimony. [T]RUTHFULNESS: that testimony (description) you give if your knowledge (information) is incomplete, your language is insufficient, you have performed due diligence in the elimination of error, imaginary content, wishful thinking, bias, and deceit; within the scope of precision limited to the question you wish to answer; and which you warranty to be so; and the promise that another possessed of the knowledge, performing the same due diligence, having the same experiences, would provide the same testimony. [H]ONESTY: that testimony (description) you give with full knowledge that knowledge is incomplete, your language is insufficient, but you have not performed due diligence in the elimination of error and bias, but which you warranty is free of deceit; within the scope of precision limited to the question you wish to answer; and the promise that another possess of the same knowledge (information), performing the same due diligence, having the same experiences, would provide the same testimony. [D]emand for Truth (Decidability): True enough to imagine a conceptual relationship True enough for me to feel good about myself. True enough for me to take actions that produce positive results. True enough for me to not cause others to react negatively to me. True enough to resolve a conflict without subjective opinion among my fellow people with similar values. True enough to resolve a conflict without subjective opinion across different peoples with different values. True regardless of all opinions or perspectives. Tautologically true: in that the two things are equal. [D]ue Diligence necessary for Warranty that our Testimony is Truthful. 1) Have we achieved identity? Is it categorically consistent? 2) Is it internally consistent? Is it logical? Can we construct a proof(test) of internal consistency? 3) Is it externally correspondent, and sufficiently parsimonious? Can we construct a proof (test) of external correspondence. 4) Is it existentially possible? Is it operationally articulated? Can we construct a proof (test) of existential possibility? And is it free of imaginary content when we articulate it as such? 6) Is it a rational choice (praxeological)? 7) Is it morally constrained? Does it violate the incentive to cooperate? (Meaning, are all operations productive, fully informed, warrantied, voluntary transfers, free of negative externality of the same criterion?) 8) Is it limited? Do you know it’s boundaries (falsification) 9) Is it fully accounted? Do we account for all costs to all capital in all temporal and inter-temporal dimensions? (Have we avoided selection bias?) Can we construct a proof (test) of full accounting? (Is information lost or artificially gained?) [F]alsehood Techniques. 1) Ignorance 2) Error 3) Bias, and Wishful thinking 4) Loading, Framing, Suggestion Obscurantism, 5) Fiction, Inflation, Conflation 6) Fictionalism (idealism, pseudoscience, supernaturalism, (primary means of overloading) 7) Deceit. (full fiction) 8) (Conspiracy – Scale 2) 9) (Propagandism – Scale 3) 10) (Institutionalization – Scale 4) If you cannot answer these questions or do not understand them you cannot know if you speak the truth, or if you are polluting the commons with fantasy, bias, error, or deception. EVIL < IMMORAL < UNETHICAL < |AMORAL| > ETHICAL > MORAL > GOOD. MORAL (USAGE) The term “Moral” can be used in a specific sense or a general sense. Either as behavior that imposes costs anonymously and indirectly, or as a general term to refer to all moral, ethical, and criminal behavior. Specific: 0) In the series criminal, ethical, and moral, criminal refers to overt crimes, ethical to crimes of interpersonal informational asymmetry (crimes against a person you deal with), and moral to indirect crimes of informational asymmetry (crimes against the social order). General: 1) Objective (decidable) morality: non imposition / reciprocity (Productive, fully informed, warrantied, voluntary transfer, free of imposition of costs against demonstrated investments by externality.) 2) Normative morality: that portfolio of norms that in the aggregate produce a group evolutionary strategy, and therefore immoral and moral actions may be judged objectively or normatively. 3) Subjective moral intuitions: that moral intuition we possess because of the combination of genetics, environment and training, and our attempt to survive genetic , social, and economic competition. These may be judged normatively and objectively. 4) Fictional Morality: those wishful arguments we make.. etc. These may be judged subjectively, normatively, and objectively. CLOSING The question is, how can we speak in a manner that limits the semantics, grammar, and syntax to constant relations that are invulnerable to, resistant to, or which expose, the various falsehoods that skew, eliminate, or replace, existing constant relations? -
What Do You Mean By “True”?
WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY “TRUE”? A commensurable common language consists of constant relations. In response to any substantive innovation, we falsify some relations, redefine others, and create others. Which in turn requires falsification of some existing terms, redefinition of others, and the creation of yet still others. Yet, what is the minimum reformation of categories, relations and values, and reformation of accompanying language, and illustrative narratives that demonstrate those relations, before that new organization of categories, relations and values is shared? It’s non trivial. It’s less work when that reformation is desirable, and it’s more work when it is undesirable. [D]ECIDABLE: In the REVERSE: In logic we state that a question (statement) is DECIDABLE if an algorithm (set of operations) exists within the limits of the system (rules, axioms, theories) that can produce a decision (choice). In other words, if the sufficient information for the decision is present within the system (ie: is decidable). In the OBVERSE: Instead, we should determine if there is a means of choosing without the need for additional information supplied from outside the system (ie: not discretionary). Or in simple terms, if DISCRETION is unnecessary, a proposition is decidable. This separates reason (or calculation in the wider sense) from computation (algorithm). || TAUTOLOGY < ANALYTIC TRUTH < (IDEAL) TRUTH < TRUTHFULNESS < HONESTY < IMPULSE TAUTOLOGY: Marginally indifferent means of expressing constant relations. ANALYTIC TRUTH: Internally consistent, independent of external correspondence. In the construction of proofs, open to substitution and independent of context, we produce tests of internal consistency (generally speaking, the preservation of ratios). Or more simply, the preservation of constant relations. [T]RUTH: That testimony (description) you would give, if your knowledge (information) was complete, your language was sufficient, stated without error, cleansed of bias, and absent deceit, within the scope of precision limited to the context of the question you wish to answer; and the promise that another possessed of the same knowledge (information), performing the same due diligence, having the same experiences, would provide the same testimony. [T]RUTHFULNESS: that testimony (description) you give if your knowledge (information) is incomplete, your language is insufficient, you have performed due diligence in the elimination of error, imaginary content, wishful thinking, bias, and deceit; within the scope of precision limited to the question you wish to answer; and which you warranty to be so; and the promise that another possessed of the knowledge, performing the same due diligence, having the same experiences, would provide the same testimony. [H]ONESTY: that testimony (description) you give with full knowledge that knowledge is incomplete, your language is insufficient, but you have not performed due diligence in the elimination of error and bias, but which you warranty is free of deceit; within the scope of precision limited to the question you wish to answer; and the promise that another possess of the same knowledge (information), performing the same due diligence, having the same experiences, would provide the same testimony. [D]emand for Truth (Decidability): True enough to imagine a conceptual relationship True enough for me to feel good about myself. True enough for me to take actions that produce positive results. True enough for me to not cause others to react negatively to me. True enough to resolve a conflict without subjective opinion among my fellow people with similar values. True enough to resolve a conflict without subjective opinion across different peoples with different values. True regardless of all opinions or perspectives. Tautologically true: in that the two things are equal. [D]ue Diligence necessary for Warranty that our Testimony is Truthful. 1) Have we achieved identity? Is it categorically consistent? 2) Is it internally consistent? Is it logical? Can we construct a proof(test) of internal consistency? 3) Is it externally correspondent, and sufficiently parsimonious? Can we construct a proof (test) of external correspondence. 4) Is it existentially possible? Is it operationally articulated? Can we construct a proof (test) of existential possibility? And is it free of imaginary content when we articulate it as such? 6) Is it a rational choice (praxeological)? 7) Is it morally constrained? Does it violate the incentive to cooperate? (Meaning, are all operations productive, fully informed, warrantied, voluntary transfers, free of negative externality of the same criterion?) 8) Is it limited? Do you know it’s boundaries (falsification) 9) Is it fully accounted? Do we account for all costs to all capital in all temporal and inter-temporal dimensions? (Have we avoided selection bias?) Can we construct a proof (test) of full accounting? (Is information lost or artificially gained?) [F]alsehood Techniques. 1) Ignorance 2) Error 3) Bias, and Wishful thinking 4) Loading, Framing, Suggestion Obscurantism, 5) Fiction, Inflation, Conflation 6) Fictionalism (idealism, pseudoscience, supernaturalism, (primary means of overloading) 7) Deceit. (full fiction) 8) (Conspiracy – Scale 2) 9) (Propagandism – Scale 3) 10) (Institutionalization – Scale 4) If you cannot answer these questions or do not understand them you cannot know if you speak the truth, or if you are polluting the commons with fantasy, bias, error, or deception. EVIL < IMMORAL < UNETHICAL < |AMORAL| > ETHICAL > MORAL > GOOD. MORAL (USAGE) The term “Moral” can be used in a specific sense or a general sense. Either as behavior that imposes costs anonymously and indirectly, or as a general term to refer to all moral, ethical, and criminal behavior. Specific: 0) In the series criminal, ethical, and moral, criminal refers to overt crimes, ethical to crimes of interpersonal informational asymmetry (crimes against a person you deal with), and moral to indirect crimes of informational asymmetry (crimes against the social order). General: 1) Objective (decidable) morality: non imposition / reciprocity (Productive, fully informed, warrantied, voluntary transfer, free of imposition of costs against demonstrated investments by externality.) 2) Normative morality: that portfolio of norms that in the aggregate produce a group evolutionary strategy, and therefore immoral and moral actions may be judged objectively or normatively. 3) Subjective moral intuitions: that moral intuition we possess because of the combination of genetics, environment and training, and our attempt to survive genetic , social, and economic competition. These may be judged normatively and objectively. 4) Fictional Morality: those wishful arguments we make.. etc. These may be judged subjectively, normatively, and objectively. CLOSING The question is, how can we speak in a manner that limits the semantics, grammar, and syntax to constant relations that are invulnerable to, resistant to, or which expose, the various falsehoods that skew, eliminate, or replace, existing constant relations? -
WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY “TRUE”? A commensurable common language consists of constant
WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY “TRUE”?
A commensurable common language consists of constant relations. In response to any substantive innovation, we falsify some relations, redefine others, and create others. Which in turn requires falsification of some existing terms, redefinition of others, and the creation of yet still others.
Yet, what is the minimum reformation of categories, relations and values, and reformation of accompanying language, and illustrative narratives that demonstrate those relations, before that new organization of categories, relations and values is shared?
It’s non trivial. It’s less work when that reformation is desirable, and it’s more work when it is undesirable.
[D]ECIDABLE: In the REVERSE: In logic we state that a question (statement) is DECIDABLE if an algorithm (set of operations) exists within the limits of the system (rules, axioms, theories) that can produce a decision (choice). In other words, if the sufficient information for the decision is present within the system (ie: is decidable). In the OBVERSE: Instead, we should determine if there is a means of choosing without the need for additional information supplied from outside the system (ie: not discretionary). Or in simple terms, if DISCRETION is unnecessary, a proposition is decidable. This separates reason (or calculation in the wider sense) from computation (algorithm).
|| TAUTOLOGY < ANALYTIC TRUTH < (IDEAL) TRUTH < TRUTHFULNESS < HONESTY < IMPULSE
TAUTOLOGY: Marginally indifferent means of expressing constant relations.
ANALYTIC TRUTH: Internally consistent, independent of external correspondence. In the construction of proofs, open to substitution and independent of context, we produce tests of internal consistency (generally speaking, the preservation of ratios). Or more simply, the preservation of constant relations.
[T]RUTH: That testimony (description) you would give, if your knowledge (information) was complete, your language was sufficient, stated without error, cleansed of bias, and absent deceit, within the scope of precision limited to the context of the question you wish to answer; and the promise that another possessed of the same knowledge (information), performing the same due diligence, having the same experiences, would provide the same testimony.
[T]RUTHFULNESS: that testimony (description) you give if your knowledge (information) is incomplete, your language is insufficient, you have performed due diligence in the elimination of error, imaginary content, wishful thinking, bias, and deceit; within the scope of precision limited to the question you wish to answer; and which you warranty to be so; and the promise that another possessed of the knowledge, performing the same due diligence, having the same experiences, would provide the same testimony.
[H]ONESTY: that testimony (description) you give with full knowledge that knowledge is incomplete, your language is insufficient, but you have not performed due diligence in the elimination of error and bias, but which you warranty is free of deceit; within the scope of precision limited to the question you wish to answer; and the promise that another possess of the same knowledge (information), performing the same due diligence, having the same experiences, would provide the same testimony.
[D]emand for Truth (Decidability):
True enough to imagine a conceptual relationship
True enough for me to feel good about myself.
True enough for me to take actions that produce positive results.
True enough for me to not cause others to react negatively to me.
True enough to resolve a conflict without subjective opinion among my fellow people with similar values.
True enough to resolve a conflict without subjective opinion across different peoples with different values.
True regardless of all opinions or perspectives.
Tautologically true: in that the two things are equal.
[D]ue Diligence necessary for Warranty that our Testimony is Truthful.
1) Have we achieved identity? Is it categorically consistent?
2) Is it internally consistent? Is it logical? Can we construct a proof(test) of internal consistency?
3) Is it externally correspondent, and sufficiently parsimonious? Can we construct a proof (test) of external correspondence.
4) Is it existentially possible? Is it operationally articulated? Can we construct a proof (test) of existential possibility? And is it free of imaginary content when we articulate it as such?
6) Is it a rational choice (praxeological)?
7) Is it morally constrained? Does it violate the incentive to cooperate? (Meaning, are all operations productive, fully informed, warrantied, voluntary transfers, free of negative externality of the same criterion?)
8) Is it limited? Do you know it’s boundaries (falsification)
9) Is it fully accounted? Do we account for all costs to all capital in all temporal and inter-temporal dimensions? (Have we avoided selection bias?) Can we construct a proof (test) of full accounting? (Is information lost or artificially gained?)
[F]alsehood Techniques.
1) Ignorance
2) Error
3) Bias, and Wishful thinking
4) Loading, Framing, Suggestion Obscurantism,
5) Fiction, Inflation, Conflation
6) Fictionalism (idealism, pseudoscience, supernaturalism, (primary means of overloading)
7) Deceit. (full fiction)
8) (Conspiracy – Scale 2)
9) (Propagandism – Scale 3)
10) (Institutionalization – Scale 4)
If you cannot answer these questions or do not understand them you cannot know if you speak the truth, or if you are polluting the commons with fantasy, bias, error, or deception.
EVIL < IMMORAL < UNETHICAL < |AMORAL| > ETHICAL > MORAL > GOOD.
MORAL (USAGE)
The term “Moral” can be used in a specific sense or a general sense. Either as behavior that imposes costs anonymously and indirectly, or as a general term to refer to all moral, ethical, and criminal behavior.
Specific:
0) In the series criminal, ethical, and moral, criminal refers to overt crimes, ethical to crimes of interpersonal informational asymmetry (crimes against a person you deal with), and moral to indirect crimes of informational asymmetry (crimes against the social order).
General:
1) Objective (decidable) morality: non imposition / reciprocity (Productive, fully informed, warrantied, voluntary transfer, free of imposition of costs against demonstrated investments by externality.)
2) Normative morality: that portfolio of norms that in the aggregate produce a group evolutionary strategy, and therefore immoral and moral actions may be judged objectively or normatively.
3) Subjective moral intuitions: that moral intuition we possess because of the combination of genetics, environment and training, and our attempt to survive genetic , social, and economic competition. These may be judged normatively and objectively.
4) Fictional Morality: those wishful arguments we make.. etc. These may be judged subjectively, normatively, and objectively.
CLOSING
The question is, how can we speak in a manner that limits the semantics, grammar, and syntax to constant relations that are invulnerable to, resistant to, or which expose, the various falsehoods that skew, eliminate, or replace, existing constant relations?
Source date (UTC): 2017-11-24 13:40:00 UTC
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by Curt Doolittle – Consistency in the categorical, internal, correspondent, ope
by Curt Doolittle – Consistency in the categorical, internal, correspondent, operational, volitional, reciprocal, and fully accounted dimensions, create universally commensurable statements, just as certainly as constant dimensional relations in the first four dimensions are sufficient to describe any motion of and constant relations in time. by Bill Joslin: – Categorical = identity – Internal = is it logical – Correspondent = is it real – Operational = does it exist (how it exists , is real) – Volitional = is it doable – Reciprocity= is it successful (moral) – Fully accounting – necessary and sufficient for all of the above and all consequences accounted for. -
by Curt Doolittle – Consistency in the categorical, internal, correspondent, ope
by Curt Doolittle – Consistency in the categorical, internal, correspondent, operational, volitional, reciprocal, and fully accounted dimensions, create universally commensurable statements, just as certainly as constant dimensional relations in the first four dimensions are sufficient to describe any motion of and constant relations in time. by Bill Joslin: – Categorical = identity – Internal = is it logical – Correspondent = is it real – Operational = does it exist (how it exists , is real) – Volitional = is it doable – Reciprocity= is it successful (moral) – Fully accounting – necessary and sufficient for all of the above and all consequences accounted for. -
by Curt Doolittle – Consistency in the categorical, internal, correspondent, ope
by Curt Doolittle
– Consistency in the categorical, internal, correspondent, operational, volitional, reciprocal, and fully accounted dimensions, create universally commensurable statements, just as certainly as constant dimensional relations in the first four dimensions are sufficient to describe any motion of and constant relations in time.
by Bill Joslin:
– Categorical = identity
– Internal = is it logical
– Correspondent = is it real
– Operational = does it exist (how it exists , is real)
– Volitional = is it doable
– Reciprocity= is it successful (moral)
– Fully accounting – necessary and sufficient for all of the above and all consequences accounted for.
Source date (UTC): 2017-11-22 16:35:00 UTC
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(FYI: A square root only has meaning as an intermediary state in a multi-state o
(FYI: A square root only has meaning as an intermediary state in a multi-state operation – it requires humans. Nature cannot store an intermediary state. “Nature can compute but cannot calculate.” However, squares and fibonacci sequences as well as many other ‘primitive’ operations permit stateless continuous growth by a single, primitive, purely additive operation. We can then reverse engineer that operation to determine that the operation changes state whenever the charge is squared. But that is a DEDUCTION (calculation). Nature works in one direction: entropy. Sometimes I feel that we should start all math courses with a verbal description of non-linear dynamics and multi-scale analysis and then work our way backward into mathematics, which we reconstruct as ratios of constant relations. Then people would understand that we’re trying to describe complex phenomenon, and to do that we have either know the underlying operations that cause the construction of different phenomenon, or we have to express the result (average) of those operations as geometries (lines). We use lines (geometry) to simplify the work of identifying causal operations. Given the way we teach math today (as fictionalism), it’s a miracle as many people make it to calculus as do so. -
(FYI: A square root only has meaning as an intermediary state in a multi-state o
(FYI: A square root only has meaning as an intermediary state in a multi-state operation – it requires humans. Nature cannot store an intermediary state. “Nature can compute but cannot calculate.” However, squares and fibonacci sequences as well as many other ‘primitive’ operations permit stateless continuous growth by a single, primitive, purely additive operation. We can then reverse engineer that operation to determine that the operation changes state whenever the charge is squared. But that is a DEDUCTION (calculation). Nature works in one direction: entropy.
Sometimes I feel that we should start all math courses with a verbal description of non-linear dynamics and multi-scale analysis and then work our way backward into mathematics, which we reconstruct as ratios of constant relations. Then people would understand that we’re trying to describe complex phenomenon, and to do that we have either know the underlying operations that cause the construction of different phenomenon, or we have to express the result (average) of those operations as geometries (lines).
We use lines (geometry) to simplify the work of identifying causal operations.
Given the way we teach math today (as fictionalism), it’s a miracle as many people make it to calculus as do so.
Source date (UTC): 2017-11-21 13:23:00 UTC
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(FYI: A square root only has meaning as an intermediary state in a multi-state o
(FYI: A square root only has meaning as an intermediary state in a multi-state operation – it requires humans. Nature cannot store an intermediary state. “Nature can compute but cannot calculate.” However, squares and fibonacci sequences as well as many other ‘primitive’ operations permit stateless continuous growth by a single, primitive, purely additive operation. We can then reverse engineer that operation to determine that the operation changes state whenever the charge is squared. But that is a DEDUCTION (calculation). Nature works in one direction: entropy. Sometimes I feel that we should start all math courses with a verbal description of non-linear dynamics and multi-scale analysis and then work our way backward into mathematics, which we reconstruct as ratios of constant relations. Then people would understand that we’re trying to describe complex phenomenon, and to do that we have either know the underlying operations that cause the construction of different phenomenon, or we have to express the result (average) of those operations as geometries (lines). We use lines (geometry) to simplify the work of identifying causal operations. Given the way we teach math today (as fictionalism), it’s a miracle as many people make it to calculus as do so.