(important)(profound) [I] have been working to reform anarcho capitalist arguments by translating them from troublesome Kantian rationalism, into the transparent common language of science: ratio-empiricism. And, at least for the past few months, I’ve been struggling to develop a narrative structure that would allow me to easily demonstrate the solution to the promise of praxeology as a failed version of the same problems addressed by Intuitionism, Operationalism and Constructivism in mathematics and science. Mises’ work was another example of the multi-disciplinary failure to provide a solution to the common intuition that there is a problem with science and mathematics, and our application of science and math to other fields – particularly to economics and ethics. That is the conclusion that I have come to – it’s the logical positioning of Mises’ praxeology in the development of 20th century thought – albeit he was even less successful in economics than peers were in physics, math, logic and psychology. They were able to identify the solution but not able to convince peers to implement it, because it was burdensome. This narrative, positioning Misesian thought as a failed attempt at Operationalism in human cooperation, provides a vehicle whereby I can describe Misesian arguments in the same context as those in physics, psychology, logic and mathematics. All of them as failed experiments in operationalism only because the authors did not and possibly could not look across disciplines and discover that they were merely adding or removing the properties desirable or not for their field of inquiry – but that while they were seeking a logical solution, that they were all making similar arguments – ethical arguments: And that the problem they intuited, that Poincaré criticized them for, was an ethical one: recreating mysticism through the use of verbalism to obscure causality that they did not understand. All the major disciplines went through a somewhat failed transformation and only psychology, which was most in need of reformation, fully adopted operationalism as “operationism”. And the result was a wealth of research in experimental psychology and the success of experimental psychology versus the pseudoscience that dominated the field before hand. [W]hy is this important? Because the requirements for construction and operational language, are not only logical but ethical. And while ethics has limited place in mathematical principles, and physical laws, it has a great significance to the promise that one is advocating a truth in mathematical and physical propositions – and therefore not ‘polluting’ the intellectual domain with fallacies that might impact others’ work. But in the logic of cooperation we call ethics it is inseparable both from the promise that one is advocating a truth AND in the articulation of its principles and the laws that enforce those principles. If we had discovered operationalism in ethics first, then perhaps, we would have had an easier time justifying the additional burden that operationalism places upon physics, science, psychology math and logic – and we might have saved a century of pseudoscientific inquiry, just as Bridgman worried; and just as we have seen in a century of fallacious and immoral economics. As Bridgman noted, the only reason Einstein was innovative, was because he operationalized the problem of measurement of bodies – something that had we done earlier would have saved a generation or more of wasted effort in science – just as we have wasted a generation or more in the pursuit of a logic of cooperation leading to liberty. The issue for us, in economics, politics and in ethics, is that the problem of arbitrary precision in the construction of general rules – hypothesis, theories and laws – affects only the precision of economic laws in time, but not our ability to state those laws. However, unlike say, mathematics or logic, we never run into decidability in the logic of cooperation, because all phenomenon are reducible to human actions that are open to subjective testing (sympathetic experience). Unlike axiomatic systems such as math and logic, we are never short of information necessary for decidability. Humans are marginally indifferent in their preferences – which is why we can experience shared intent, cooperate, and empathize. As such we can always decide. Buridan’s Ass never starves. Information is always sufficient. It may not be sufficient for the choice of preference, but it is sufficient for rational choice. Again, arguments that someone versed in mathematical philosophy might have understood. Although, with decades of computer science, we have learned that it’s computer science that is more trustworthy than mathematics, because computers are constrained by operational rules of necessity, and unlike mathematics we cannot use imagination and ‘fudging’ obscured by verbalism. Operations must be open to performance and results must be computable. To counter the problem of imagination adding information to arguments, and the problem of using verbalism to obscure ignorance, under operationalism and constructivism, **truth is replaced by (algorithmic) proof as a primitive notion, and existence requires demonstration of constructibility.** This statement is possible to translate into the axiom that moral (ethical) propositions must be reducible to a series of human actions, open to subjective testing (sympathetic verification). This is the argument that mises was looking for, and could not construct, possibly because (a) he lacked sufficient understanding of mathematics, (b) he lacked a demonstrably insufficient understanding of the terms ‘scientific’ and ‘logical’, because he conflated them with abandon, despite their opposite properties, and (c) because an ethical constraint was insufficient to provide an authoritative response to the moral arguments of statists and socialists alike. Whether he understood the ethical constraint not the logical one was all that a solution to praxeological analysis would provide, or simply, like most cosmopolitans, because preferred an authoritarian, verbalist, and pseudoscientific argument is something it is impossible to answer in our era. Since Marx, Freud, Cantor, Mises and Rothbard all make the same error of constructing verbal pseudosciences, it’s hard to imagine that it’s intentional rather than a cultural bias or strategy. (Something I have written about elsewhere under the heading of competing uses of truth.) The problem I face, and the work I must do, to help others understand Mises’ position in intellectual history, and his failure, and then to construct a logic of cooperation, where Mises mistakenly tries to construct a logic of ‘action’ is to enumerate examples of axioms and laws in different fields and thereby demonstrate the problem of the sufficiency of information for deduction under arbitrary precision in the construction of hypotheses, theories, laws, and axioms; and then placing Mises’ work in the context of all fields struggling with the definition of truth (as ultimately performative – and therefore ethical). So positioning economics and ethics using performative truth, operationalism and constructivism will help demonstrate the concept across ALL domains of inquiry, rather than just within economics, ethics, physics, psychology, mathematics and logic. And thus eliminate the objections to performative truth, intuitionism, constructivism, and operationalism by demonstrating that all philosophical and logical disciplines rest upon the action that one claims to have demonstrated a an action that he can testify truthfully to have observed (rather than imagined, or used verbalisms to obscure that he has not. Unfortunately, we didn’t discover ethics first – perhaps had Mises solved the problem in ethics, other fields would have grasped the significance. Although, other fields have addressed ethics with softer variants of operationalism and construction – particularly science. They have never reformed ’truth’ as performative: as testimony, or ‘true witness’, as evidenced by that which is operational and constructible. At least in the discipline of law, strict construction, original intent, and deliberate modification of law is an understood if not obeyed principle. Operationalism may allow us to make truthful testimony, and truthful testimony is the only truth that humans are capable of creating. All else is imaginary, as is infinity. But whether we retain the approximation of classical reasoning as a practical matter of utility, or adopt construction and operation as a requirement for attestable truth in other disciplines really doesn’t matter as much as it does in ethics, politics and law. Physics, science, psychology, math and logic are luxury goods and rarely involve involuntary transfer and provide an incentive for conflict. But, cooperation is a necessary good. Politics and law are necessary goods. Strict construction is necessary and beneficial since it permits the rational resolution of conflicts, and as such prevents them. Strict construction makes it impossible to use empty verbalisms to advocate involuntary transfers as ‘moral’. Operational definitions make it much harder to lie, cheat and steal. Under operationalism, performative truth, constructivism, the field of ethics, including the domains of criminal, unethical, immoral and conspiratorial, and conquest prohibitions, can be described as an objective uniform logic as Mises suggested it might be. We can construct a formal logic of cooperation – ethics. And, we can do it using ratio-scientific language, via operational and constructive means. We can do it in the common universal and transparent language of science using hypothesis, theory and law, and model our laws using axioms constrained by correspondence to this empirical laws. We do not need false authoritarianism, pseudoscientific obscurant terminology, or a cult or obscure continental language to do it. An irony perhaps that Mises did not grasp that he was justifying the logic of human action, which is by definition operational and constructive in an argumentative structure that was not operational nor constructive. In hindsight this approach is either humorous or tragic. While we are not sure yet, it is possible that Popper was correct, and that we can never know if we possess the most parsimonious description of any phenomenon – what we call ‘truth’ or ‘ultimate truth’ – we can, instead of spending our lives in a quest for the non-existant and logically unknowable, instead, publish recipes that we can testify truthfully to the construction of, and performance of, as correspondent with reality. This is the difference between european commitment to always speaking the truth, and producing many, many technological successes, versus academic publishing a welfare queens, never responsible for our words, and never accountable for the consequences. This is the difference between anglo empirical truth, and cosmopolitan pragmatic truth. [T]he 20th century’s failed quest for a definition of truth, is the narrative structure that I’ve been searching for. Until recently, I just couldn’t find a way of talking about Mises’ work in the broader context of intellectual development. He clearly intuited the problem, as did those in other fields, but besides having the Jewish obsession with words-as-reality, and the German obsession with authority, he did not understand math and science well enough, and certainly had no exposure to computer science and the problem of computability. Why he proceeded onward and constructed an elaborate nonsensical pseudoscience in the Cosmopolitan tradition is something that only he could answer. And why subsequent generations have created a cult out of this pseudoscience, complete with typical cosmopolitan saturation of the informational commons with propaganda supporting of the pseudosicence, including heroic figure worship, and heaping unworthy praise at every opportunity, is up to those still living to explain. It is worth noting that Popper too largely relied on narrative verbalisms, such as his ‘three worlds’ hypothesis, and we know that he resorted to Krugman-like distortion of facts in his criticisms of the left. And we know that Popper’s real purpose was not about science it self, but his agenda to undermine scientific certainty, much as did Mises, by rendering truth in to platonic form, removing responsibility from the scientist for true testimony, and casting cosmopolitan Critique, originated in hermeneutic interpretation of scripture, as the means of scientific social organization, rather than the previous anglo saxon and german requirement for truthful testimony. ALl these thinkers failed to stem the tide of marx’s socialism, rothbardian libertinism, and Straussian neoconservatism, because all tried to counter pseudoscience with pseudoscience, and empty verbalism with empty verbalism. However the manner of correcting those people was always available to us, and had been for centuries if not millennia: a requirement that we tell the truth, and persecution under law for not doing so. As Hoppe states, Hayek failed as well, both to make this connection with performative truth as a means of social order, and to move from the classical liberal and therefore psychological school of thought to the calculative rigor of logic by identifying property as the first and necessary object or unit of commensurability. He did understand the law and the common law, clearly, as the institutional means for resolving conflicts – better than anyone else as far as I know. But he did not grasp the difference between legal REASON (approximation necessary for discovery) and logical CALCULATION (precision necessary for truth). Nor between knowledge of use (correspondence as truth) and knowledge of construction (truth in existence). (Although I’m willing to admit that I might be one of the few people who currently does.) Later in life Mises appears to waffle a bit, if not reverse himself. But because of what appears to be his fascination with Kantian a priorism, he didn’t see the parallel between his (inarticulate) argument that economics was both empirical and logical, and reverse mathematics, in which one constructs necessary axioms one can testify to as extant, after using empirical and logical means by which to approximate the solution to a problem. My original goal was to provide conservatives a vehicle for argument using what I saw as libertarian rationalism. Conversely, I wanted to make it impossible to conduct deceptive arguments in the religious, progressive and postmodern forms, but in doing so I found an answer to a century or more old conflict in the history of thought. And I think I can rescue Mises and Hoppe from the ‘fruitcake fringe’ of rationalist argument. Which is helpful. Since I want, like most, a plan to obtain liberty in my lifetime. And while any value Mises had has been already incorporated into economic thought, only fringe groups have incorporated Hoppe’s criticism of democracy and use of competing private insurance organizations to replace monopoly bureaucracy in the production of regulation. Unfortunately, Hoppe appears too entrenched and committed to praxeology as pseudoscience, the fallacy of aggression which is merely a means of licensing fraud by verbal means and creating a parasitic class immune from both physical and legal punishment. And has merely adopted the marxist ‘commune’ as his model of rebellion. Which just because we desire liberty, is just as economically impossible as it is if we desire communism. Wishful thinking is not action. Its wishing others will do the work for you. Liberty was created only by europeans, because of rare ancient circumstances, whereby warriors granted one another insurance against theft of their property obtained from their cattle raids, and required equality of one another because of their battle tactics requiring independent financing, action and maneuver, at high risk. These people built an ethic that would give birth to science, reason, property and liberty, because it forces man to use his mind in terms which accurately correspond to reality: Tell the truth, and only the truth. Fulfill your commitments at risk of life. Construct a brotherhood of property owners two whom familial trust is extended. And force all free riding out of society so that all persons must participate in production, and none can resort to parasitism. Liberty is obtained at the point of metal object, by denying others access to power. Everything else is merely wishful thinking, or an attempt to free ride on the efforts of those who do construct liberty. The natural aristocracy is not created by a small population. It is created by every living soul willing to bear arms to prevent the accumulation of sufficient power to deny others sovereignty over their property: For one and all, to deny one and all, access to the property of one and all by other than voluntary, fully informed, warrantied, exchange free of externality. Cheers Curt Doolittle The Philosophy of Aristocracy The Propertarian Institute Kiev, Ukraine LINKSConstructive Mathematics:Mathematical Intuitionism: Operationalism:Praxeology
Form: Full Essay
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PRAXEOLOGY AS THE A FAILURE TO DEVELOP ECONOMIC OPERATIONALISM? (important) I ha
http://www.iep.utm.edu/con-math/MISES’ PRAXEOLOGY AS THE A FAILURE TO DEVELOP ECONOMIC OPERATIONALISM?
(important)
I have been working to reform anarcho capitalist (libertarian) arguments by translating them from troublesome kantian rationalism, into the transparent common language of science: ratio-empiricism. And, at least for the past few months, I’ve been struggling to develop a narrative structure that would allow me to easily demonstrate the solution to the promise of praxeology as a version of the broader problems addressed by Intuitionism, Operationalism and Constructivism: the search for the meaning of truth.
That mises was another example of the multi-disciplinary failure of the common intuition that there is a problem with science and mathematics, and our application of science and math to other fields – particularly to economics and ethics. That is the conclusion that I have come to – it’s the logical positioning of Mises’ praxeology in the development of 20th century thought – albeit he was even less successful in economics than peers were in physics, math, logic and psychology.
All the major disciplines went through a somewhat failed transformation and only psychology, which was most in need of reformation, fully adopted operationalism as “operationism”. And the result was experimental psychology and the success of experimental psychology versus the pseudoscience that dominated the field before hand.
This narrative, positioning Misesian thought, provides a vehicle whereby I can describe Misesian arguments in the same context as those in physics, psychology, logic and mathematics. All of them as failed experiments in operationalism only because the authors did not and possibly could not look across disciplines and discover that they were merely adding or removing the properties desirable or not for their field of inquiry – but that they were all making similar arguments – ethical arguments.
Why is this important? Because the requirements for construction and operational language, are not only logical but ethical. And while ethics has little place in mathematical principles, and physical laws, it has a great significance to the promise that one is advocating a truth in mathematical and physical propositions – and therefore not ‘polluting’ the intellectual domain with fallacies that might impact others’ work. But in the logic of cooperation we call ethics it is inseparable both from the promise that one is advocating a truth AND in the articulation of its principles and the laws that enforce those principles.
If we had discovered operationalism in ethics first, then perhaps, we would have had an easier time justifying the additional burden that operationalism places upon physics, science, psychology math and logic – and we might have saved a century of pseudoscientific inquiry, just as Bridgman worried; and just as we have seen in a century of fallacious and immoral economics.
The issue for us, in economics and in ethics, is that the problem of arbitrary precision in the construction of general rules – hypothesis, theories and laws – affects only the precision of economic laws in time, but not our ability to state those laws. However, unlike say, mathematics or logic, we never run into decidability in the logic of cooperation, because all phenomenon are reducible to human actions that are open to subjective testing (sympathetic experience). Unlike axiomatic systems such as math and logic, we are never short of information necessary for decidability. Humans are marginally indifferent in their preferences – which is why we can experience shared intent, cooperate, and empathize. As such we can always decide. Buridan’s Ass never starves. Information is always sufficient.
Under operationalism and constructivism, truth is replaced by (algorithmic) proof as a primitive notion, and existence requires constructibility. This statement is possible to translate into the axiom that moral (ethical) propositions must be reducible to a series of human actions, open to subjective testing (sympathetic verification).
The problem I face, and the work I must do, is merely in enumerating examples of axioms and laws in different fields and thereby demonstrating the problem of the sufficiency of information for deduction under arbitrary precision in the construction of hypotheses, theories, laws, and axioms; and then placing Mises’ work in the context of all fields struggling with the definition of truth (as ultimately performative – and therefore ethical). So positioning economics and ethics using performative truth, operationalism and constructivism will help demonstrate the concept across ALL domains of inquiry, rather than just within economics, ethics, physics, psychology, mathematics and logic. And thus eliminate the objections to performative truth, intuitionism, constructivism, and operationalism by demonstrating that all philosophical and logical disciplines rest upon the action that one claims to have demonstrated a truth.
Unfortunately, we didn’t discover ethics first – perhaps had Mises solved the problem in ethics, other fields would have grasped the significance. Although, other fields have addressed ethics with softer variants of operationalism and construction – particularly science. They have never reformed ’truth’ as performative (operational and constructible). At least in the discipline of law, strict construction, original intent, and deliberate modification of law is an understood if not obeyed principle.
But whether we retain the approximation of classical reasoning as a practical matter of utility, or adopt construction and operation as a requirement for attestable truth in other disciplines really doesn’t matter as much as in ethics, politics and law. Physics, science, psychology, math and logic are luxury goods and rarely involve involuntary transfer and provide an incentive for conflict. But, cooperation is a necessary good. Politics and law are necessary goods. Strict construction is necessary and beneficial since it permits the rational resolution of conflicts, and as such prevents them. Strict construction makes it impossible to use empty verbalisms to advocate involuntary transfers as ‘moral’.
Under operationalism, performative truth, constructivism, the field of ethics, including the domains of criminal, unethical, immoral and conspiratorial, and conquest prohibitions, can be described as an objective uniform logic as Mises suggested it might be. We can construct a formal logic of cooperation – ethics. And, we can do it using ratio-scientific language, via operational and constructive means. We can do it in the common universal and transparent language of science using hypothesis, theory and law, and model our laws using axioms constrained by correspondence to this empirical laws. We do not need a cult or obscure continental language to do it. An irony perhaps that Mises did not grasp that he was justifying the logic of human action, which is by definition operational and constructive in an argumentative structure that was not operational nor constructive. In hindsight this approach is either humorous or tragic.
The 20th century’s failed quest for a clearer definition of truth, is the narrative structure that I’ve been searching for. I just couldn’t find a way of talking about Mises’ work in the broader context of intellectual development. He clearly intuited the problem correctly, as did those in other fields, but besides having the Jewish obsession with words-as-reality, and the German obsession with authority, he did not understand math and science well enough, and certainly had no exposure to computer science and the problem of computability.
As Hoppe states, Hayek failed as well, to move from the classical liberal and therefore psychological school of thought to the calculative rigor of logic by identifying property as the first and necessary object or unit of commensurability. He did understand the law and the common law, clearly, as the institutional means for resolving conflicts – better than anyone else as far as I know. But he did not grasp the difference between legal REASON (approximation necessary for discovery) and logical CALCULATION (precision necessary for truth). Nor between knowledge of use (correspondence as truth) and knowledge of construction (truth in existence). (Although I’m willing to admit that I might be the only person who currently does.)
Later in life Mises appears to waffle a bit, if not reverse himself, but because of what appears to be his fascination with Kantian a priorism, he didn’t see the parallel between his (inarticulate) argument that economics was both empirical and logical, and reverse mathematics, in which one constructs necessary axioms after using empirical and logical means by which to approximate the solution to a problem.
My original goal was to provide conservatives a vehicle for argument using what I saw as libertarian rationalism. Conversely, I wanted to make it impossible to conduct deceptive arguments in the religious, progressive and postmodern forms, but in doing so I found an answer to a century or more old conflict in the history of thought.
And I think I can rescue mises and hoppe from the ‘fruitcake fringe’ of rationalist argument. Which is helpful. Since I want, like most, a plan to obtain liberty in my lifetime.
Cheers
Curt Doolittle
The Philosophy of Aristocracy
The Propertarian Institute
Kiev, Ukraine
Constructive Mathematics:
http://www.iep.utm.edu/con-math/
Mathematical Intuitionism:
http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/intuitionism/
Operationalism:
http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/operationalism/
Praxeology
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Praxeology
Source date (UTC): 2014-06-17 06:22:00 UTC
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[T]he more free riding you suppress, the more productivity that you enforce. And
[T]he more free riding you suppress, the more productivity that you enforce. And northern europeans simply suppressed more free riding than any other people. What we resent is that physical effort is more costly to the individual than intellectual effort, and that intellectual effort is much more productive and scarce than physical effort.
Andy Curzon Yes and yes. June 15 at 4:10pm · Like Andy Curzon One of the reasons why intellectual effort is becoming more ‘productive’ and physical less is the pairing of technological improvements in machinery (reducing the production per unit of one man’s labour) and the internet is allowing for people like you and I getting hold of more intelligent perspectives at the click of a button than our predecessors. June 15 at 4:12pm · Unlike · 1 Curt Doolittle Agreed. I just couldn’t afford to spend all the time in libraries AND run a business. Whereas, I can pretty much remain connected to the internet twenty four hours a day, and use every available moment to work. June 15 at 4:20pm · Like · 1 Michael Philip what are the views of northern europeans on women and marriage? June 15 at 4:23pm · Like Curt Doolittle Michael Philip : I don’t understand the question….. June 15 at 5:27pm · Like Michael Philip eh, ok i mean what the views on sexuality and/or marriage in that part of the world as compared to say the USA June 15 at 5:27pm · Like Curt Doolittle Hmm…. Vews vs practices. Words mean nothing. Views are used to justify practices. Practices are habituated (traditional) normative. Practices are demonstrated preferences (truths). Read this for a summary of Emmanuel Todd’s work on the invention of europe and different family systems. http://www.craigwilly.info/…/emmanuel-todds-linvention…/ Search for “Hanjal Line” and read on that. Read this post on the american nations. http://jaymans.wordpress.com/…/religions-of-the…/ You’lll see that there are a number of basic subcultures in the USA that reflect dominant areas of emigration from europe to the states, and that these practices and corresponding moral codes remain intact over generations. Next: http://jaymans.wordpress.com/…/an-hbd-summary-of-the…/ June 15 at 7:10pm · Like Andy Curzon — ‘Practices are demonstrated preferences (truths).’ — Yes But it is also true to say that I can not look backwards at time as it was before video cameras even though I know that a man would still be killed by a dozen bullets through the brain. I have not experienced this but I know it to be true. Of course this ‘true’ has an ‘if’ contingent – if the man’s head is blown to bits then it is true that he will not go on living – but this makes it no less true hypothetically. It is useful to be able to view things from both these worlds, not putting one above the other but seeing them in parallel. So are we splitting ‘true’ into two categories rather than confining it to what can be seen and measured? From another angle, could defining what is ‘true’ as what can be observed physically not be constricting theory and it’s use within both understanding and application? It seems to me a little like two people from different countries arguing that their language is easier to converse in. I am all for ‘words mean nothing’ in regards to changing the shape of things in an instant, but they themselves (as sounds wave interpreted between people) do lead to actions. So to view the words in a slice of still time may be a mistake…not that you do. June 15 at 7:18pm · Edited · Like Curt Doolittle The word ‘know’ is term of obscurantism. Knowing is an experience, not an action. What action is any such ‘knowledge’ an experience of? You mean, I suspect, that given your multitude of experiences, that yet another experience of the same, will correspond to the same cause and effect. And that you are wiling to gamble significant risk on this. (Despite the fact that people have survived many shots to the head…. ) You are willing to refer to a thing as a table because all other things you have called a table share properties. That is all that you are saying. The only way to judge your question of truth is cost. If you will die that cost is high. You only ‘know’ what you are willing to demonstrate that you know. Everything else is a matter of relative costs. June 15 at 7:21pm · Like Curt Doolittle Certain Deduction requires that sufficient informatin is present to yield the deduction. We can deduce (know) many things. However, our claim to degree of ‘knowledge’ is merely an empty verbalism without costs. Distance in space for example, is not measurable without velocity. But on earth, at human scale, we do not consider velocity a property of distance. in mathematics we do not either. We assume infinite velocity of all statements. We cannot confused ignored informatino useful in a given context, with the fact that we can merely ignore it given the context. June 15 at 7:24pm · Like Andy Curzon If considering hypothetical situations (and the ‘future’ in general) has been one of the major contributors to saving, investing and productivity increases it seems there is a great cost to confining or constricting this ‘if-then true’ verbalisms into the pseudoscience or tautology venn diagram. What I mean to ask really is what is the point of this distinction in the first place? And is this aim malleable, or does it even matter that ‘the law of marginal diminishing returns’ could in fact be improved upon? I.e.: the human construction is no less useful simply because a better explanation has been presented. Things are only improved with correct information and applied hypothetical analysis. Of course ‘degree of knowledge’ is that thing we are always blind to as humans but this takes nothing away from the fact that it is useful to be aware of these verbalisms. So then why would we call them ’empty verbalisms’ if they are practically useful? Lots of questions, I am struggling through analysis of that Hoppe essay so this is my break! June 15 at 7:37pm · Like Curt Doolittle Utilitarianism vs truth then? Knowledge of use (Utility) rather than knowledge of construction (truth)? I think you might be getting distracted (as were physicists and mathematicians) between the utility of an imprecise concept as a general rule, and a statement of truth and apodictic certainty. Knowledge sufficient for action is not knowledge sufficient for truth claims. A monkey can use a stick. It means nothing. The underlying argument upon which all this continental justification and cosmopolitan critique is suppose to defend, is the statement that economics is not empirical (observational) and therefore experimentation is unnecessary. Whereas, the evidence is that economics is empirical because most economic phenomenon are emergent and not deducible from first principles. My counter argument is that if we cannot EXPLAIN phenomenon as rational human actions (OPERATIONS) then we cannot lay claim to understanding the phenomenon. Worse, that we cannot see what thefts and redistributions are conducted without that. ie: we cannot tell if an economic phenomenon is moral or not. Worse, if it is immoral, it is a lost opportunity for exchange, more so than merely an immoral theft. That is to say,t hat the transfer could be conducted by transparent voluntary means, not by involuntary and obscurant means – if the recipient was forced to provide something in return: namely, adherence to preferred norms. June 15 at 7:48pm · Like Andy Curzon Got it. I think the reason why continental justification went in that direction was to explain away the logic behind redistribution. Economics is both observational in the experience sense and partly ‘a priori based’ in the personal consideration sense. This is no small point. I have not explained it well yet. But I think it is all about the complexity of inter-personal considerations. I can be clearer on my future when it contains only me and the few objects I need to survive, but as soon as another person enters the scene one must learn more and more through observation to become more and more accurate, always adapting. In an odd sort of way the more ‘rules’ (or tools) one creates for oneself to live by (mathematics, logic, concept of gravity, concept of energy, space and time, etc) the easier it is to learn and adapt, but it inverts when it comes to co-operation. Nothing is to be presumed and as little is to be assumed as possible or these pseudosciences proliferate. So your counter argument is within the framework of co-operation (or consideration between people), rather than personal reflection or understanding of reasons behind one’s own choice. If I am vaguely on track here then things are good. Plug in any gaps where possible. This seems to be the only position I can be square with having read this quote a few pages from the Hoppe essay I sent you: — ‘…as the foundation of the law of demand, this law of marginal utility then follows directly from the undeniably true proposition that every actor always prefers what satisfies him more over what satisfies him less.’ — We would both agree that this ‘undeniably true’ is based on an a priori proposition: basically that people always act in line with their preferences. The fact that that proposition can only be shown through action does not mean that it is sometimes not true (and renders the conception of falsification in this instance irrelevant). Surely this is the simplest ‘if-then true’ with regard people: that if we act, then we show our priorities. The information is gathered through observation but the premise is created entirely independently from measurement or inter-personal experience (i.e.: if I thought of it, you would not necessarily and in every case know it through looking at me, or even observing me act). Once again this shows the importance/use/possible subjective value/desire of/for both these verbalisms (which I am sorry, but they are not ’empty’ by any standards but by those of a dogmatist) which can be shown themselves through observation and measurement by the fact that they have been created, are being used, are still being constructed today and will be for the remainder of our species’ existence, now that we have the cognitive scope to deal with such tools. And to be more clear, I am not stating that something is intrinsically useful because people think it is, merely that, rationally, when people continue in a direction of thought or action they are showing themselves to value this thought process or action, if only to themselves. So in selling Propertarianism I see how you want to attack rationalism, just as rationalists (infuriatingly) want to attack nihilists and relativists but we must be honest and see that they are all in fact languages of expression. They all have their uses within certain frameworks and it seems far more productive to build a world within it’s own galaxy rather than invest heavily into inter-stellar warfare. It reminds me of nature and nurture. We know nature is far more effective than nurture despite what ‘evidence’ seems to be presented to the contrary because we know how the human mind works (or at least enough to be confident that we are simply dualistic beings of yes/no, bigger/smaller, happy-yes-attract sad-no-repel mechanisms within our brain). So does it make sense to show how little nurture effects us? Of course not, because there is little doubt that one’s culture and nurture are effective in shaping a character but it will always be constrained by our nature (or cognitive and physical capacity). Interpretation from empirical data is constrained by our rational understanding of the ‘bigger picture’. To be honest and intelligent one must always interpret some data sometimes, however straightforward it may seem to be, and this is where the constraints of rationality enter the picture. Just as one can not blame Genghis Khan’s culture completely for his raping and killing, to try and pin it all on nature is absurd. Simply, I can not brush either empiricism or rationalism aside. To even consider them in series is inane because they are parallel viewpoints in very different settings from nature and nurture, but share an amazing expression of our will, as people, to resolve conflict by sitting on one side. They are false dichotomies. As such I am going to be bold and suggest that all the time Hoppe devotes to ‘killing logical positivism’ and all the time you spend knocking down ‘apriorisms’ will serve only to clarify their galaxies and separate them further and more accurately, not invalidate each other. If that is the only purpose then efforts are not wasted. He hates some of the results from taking a dogmatically empirical approach and you dislike some of the results from taking a dogmatically rationalist approach but that, in the nicest possible way, is irrelevant since we are discussing this to further and clarify philosophy, not cloud it in conflict and dogmatism. June 15 at 9:11pm · Edited · Like Juan Sebastian Ortiz I agree with the balanced Englishman´s last paragraph. Mind you, Mises was a dualist-Kantian and I think this is what your post gets to. You cannot formulate a representation of being without sensory data but you cannot argue about something relating to internal experiences of human cognition without making reference to your experience of human cognition. This is not a mere neurological process because we do not understand it as a merely neurological process, we understand it because of mirror neurons and the particular structure of the brain, it involves an intuitive insight. Rothbard called himself an empiricist. What I find particularly annoying is that these are nothing but representations of concept in the most Schoppenhauerian sense. It´s a false dichotomy with a cultural background. One is an anthropological-descriptive analysis that is deeply flawed because there are immense tracts of data that do not entail evidence but history, it provides a reference but not a working assumption. The other is a clean cut aim towards internal consistency and external functionality. Where the line that divides them clearly lies is a matter of nothing other than semantic foundations of meaning and what is meaningful. We are not anthropological biologists documenting the specific causes of the untestable. We are probing to integrate in construction. The formulation of empiricism is contradictory as Hoppe has shown but only in its formulation, yet without its formulation we are all cavemen regardless of IQ. A Stirnerian conceptlessness is at best a hallucination. I think it´s a matter of how ¨autistic¨ or explicit you want to get with your representation. Intention is projected in the abstract because those with the ability to accurately represent the world accurately not out of mere malthusian conditions but from true reflective insight were philosophical people. You can call yourself a more cold and honest thinker but the problems we face always are psycho-social or economic-interpersonal not material or academic. Functional universalism or cosmopolitanism is merely the acknowledgement of cost for the introspective mind, you act upon a line of thinking under certain assumptions not mere observations because you need to act and because novelty is virtually exponential however you categorize it so more observations do not necessarily yield more functions but more correlations to other functions. There´s no rationalism without empiricism but there can be empiricism without rationalism and this is completely meaningless, it is a form of pure observation akin to Asian contemplative philosophies. Do you want to find a purely empirical actor whose behavior can be reduced to demonstrated preference? look at a hunter gatherer. Do you want an even more empirical actor? look at a hunter gatherer from the time before language developed. Unfortunately I cannot stop agreeing with Hoppe there are natural elites who have been able to formulate reality in abstract terms, this I think is more refined than we imagined, the kind of natural elite here is not so much a breed of human as a particular luck of the draw within breeds of humans. For everyone else most of these tasks have been ported to the brain and the tribe. This is why the in my opinion the most honest social scientists have been the philosophers, especially the most autistic ones, because they were truly trying to formulate their perception of humanity in the most explicit way starting from the point that they were not themselves like the rest. Yes there´s always a historical precedent for the emergence of conceptual frameworks and here´s where I am most suspicious of Curt(in his attacking Rothbard moreso than Rand) the frameworks that have emerged from social interaction are always those which have been comparatively wrong, shown to be inferior to the analytic narratives of autistic/philosophers and only transitioned when a technological coincidence enabled the tribe to apply the insights of the autists. Only in this consensus model do you see the notion not of inspection for contradiction but of peer review emerge. This sufficient information for survival-cohesion, etc has always been inferior to the intuitive models (plus debugging) of some autistic philosopher or another because their particular perspective that of someone aiming to adapt and understand, which is to say categorical. Forever the tribe simply lagged behind the autistic until the time when something, crop yields, technology, commerce, etc facilitated the propagation of autistic formulations of being-ness. Mathematics, computing, geometry, etc. Human society, as a historical collection of observable anthropological phenomena has been nothing for the most part than the soil for great minds to increast the abstract tool-set of understanding and implement it into production. While this happens average intelligence increases but as Hoppe has pointed out, the relevant warp-speed tipping point is when there´s enough people capable of implementing the autistic formulations of the autistic into the economy. The great man has not been the product of institutions, castes, races or even pressures, it has been the product of a certain happy and tragic insightfulness which involves a luck of the draw statistically more difficult than even cultures are able to produce due to the regression of the mean. I doubt there have even been a million true philosophers in history and I think they were the result of at times accidental in or ex breeding of regressions to a repetitively high mean resulting not from intentional breeding but perhaps from Aristocratic cosmopolitan breeding. My point is, that without these people even the relatively new Lockean-Humean-Baconian-Popperian notions of science(read research and applied technology) could not have been postulated. Is it a false dichotomy? yes but only ¨pure¨ empiricism contradicts itself, pure rationalism in biological terms is probably a different approach to analysis and projection(formulation) from a few individuals ¨like us¨ who make the values for the tribe to use. June 15 at 10:25pm · Like Andy Curzon Sebastian, when you write — ‘Forever the tribe simply lagged behind the autistic until the time when something, crop yields, technology, commerce, etc facilitated the propagation of autistic formulations of being-ness. Mathematics, computing, geometry, etc. Human society, as a historical collection of observable anthropological phenomena has been nothing for the most part than the soil for great minds to increase the abstract tool-set of understanding and implement it into production.’ — you are defining autistic as simply ‘high capacity to and drive towards application of mind’. Well it is the only thing that makes sense if we see it as a spectrum in which case it is an adapting mutation within the Darwinian evolutionary stairs. Finally we can have an objective basis for the autistic person: one who applies themself with vigour. But. This can be considered rationally but not tested because it would involve reading minds. So with the limits of today’s technology in mind, this would be an apt example of when a rational conception can be applied as an objective standard to gain insight into human beings. Again, this can not be measured or tested accurately yet but the premise may yet serve to divide the mover and shakers from the others along the same scale (80% or so) as that of this ‘autism’. Also, with the last quoted sentence (ending ‘production’) I think you are showing your personal view on production maybe more than epigenetic and cultural development, especially in the past few centuries. To map how these minds have shaped the world is more than to see what they have produced, although to view it from such an angle is of good use in certain circumstances. June 16 at 12:41am · Edited · Like · 1 Juan Sebastian Ortiz I am not necessarily defining autistic, I could take Curt´s empirical position and then leave autism undefined as a series of more or less traits within a continuum of aspergers and non verbal disorder. What strikes me as evident is that the interesting weirdos of history who indeed applied their minds to things fit these traits which have been collected in ¨diagnosis¨ there´s definitely an overlap. June 16 at 12:49am · Like Andy Curzon I wonder, If one would not call the group of people with high IQs a group with a disorder, why could the ‘autism’ or ‘application of mind + cognitive and physical capacity’ spectrum be thought of as so? The answer may lie in the pairing of focused thought from many an individual with a lack of time and effective effort in understanding social norms, or redefining these norms as to fit their personal perception of the world. Apparent overlap with traits may simply be an expression of individuality conveyed through, again, a focus on particular fields which often leave the ‘simple’ things in life out. A lot of great thinkers like having receptionists or secretaries to organise their lives because their focus is better directed ‘like an arrow’, as you say Sebastian. Focus, desire, ability and time combine with the human mind like fillet steak and peppercorn sauce to devastate and redefine what good food ‘really’ is, more and more through time. Whether the offshoot of this is that people are insular or flamboyant, it is the focus of someone’s attention where the energy is being used and as such it may be an idea for it to be the focus of investigation. June 16 at 3:27am · Like · 1 Michael Philip it seems that extreme empiricism breeds dogmas like the is/ought gap and causality is replaced with metaphysical coincidences (in the case of Hume) while extreme rationalism breeds pure reason which is completely detached from reality. (which Hume also criticized). June 16 at 3:45am · Edited · Like Juan Sebastian Ortiz Andy, maybe, maybe, but I advocate us as the norm…as a compromise between testosterone levels, time preference and cognitive ability. The term autistic came from this. This is a perfect example of empiricism gone apeshit bad. All noblesse oblige is filtered out and suddenly every formulation is just a projection of bias. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tPgUa_IjW7A Play Video Primary Politics Base: race, sub-racial group and it’s traditions, gender biology. Superstructure… See More June 16 at 5:11am · Edited · Like · Remove Preview Andy Curzon Let’s not jump in and use the ‘us’ word with regard to these three things: testosterone, time preference and cognitive ability. To find pairing of people with similar levels in all three would be tough enough, let alone attempting to band all apparent autistics in an ‘us’. Why is it so tough for me to convince people that this ‘autism’ (especially aspergers) is close to arbitrary, oversimplified and basically fallacious? Investigate what it is really supposed to be and (although some of these can be tough to answer accurately) ask yourself: 1. Are you good at processing and understanding language? 2. Can you understand facial expressions ‘well’? 3. If you play poker, are you better at live poker than internet poker? 4. Do you have an over-sensitivity or under-sensitivity to sensations? 5. Do you have trouble communicating? 6. Do you make sense of the world around you differently to others? And others, but these are the most useful to both categorise one as autistic, and to show how illogical and incorrect the whole generalisation is. According to modern mainstream if your answer to the top three is no, and the bottom three is yes then you are somewhere on the ‘spectrum’ (how convenient!).. Here is one of many explanations of this ‘autism’, read the text: http://www.autism.org.uk/…/autism…/what-is-autism.aspx What is autism? www.autism.org.uk Autism is a lifelong developmental disability that affects the way a person comm… See More June 16 at 2:11pm · Edited · Like · Remove Preview Andy Curzon Curt, I am fascinated by what you have to say on all this. If there is one thing I can hopefully show you it is that the classification of autism is more damaging to our understanding of our species than it is helpful, and by a large margin because the whole paradigm is inverted and over-conflated. In one sense, it reminds me of classifying people as confident or introverted across a spectrum: not only is this a false dichotomy but people change with circumstance as one can grow to be more sociable or less ‘autistic’ (or more, but what is this ‘autistic’?!). Given all this, let’s attend the questions briefly and consider Curt, Sebastian and I, just an an initial consideration. (Marc and Jim, this may interest you, let us know what you think.) 1. (no = ‘autistic’) Are you good at processing and understanding language? Curt, as far as I can tell processes a lot of information pretty efficiently and it would be tough to suggest that he is bad at understanding simple or complex ideas. Sebastian, your English is excellent considering it is not your first language and having explained a lot of complicated topics to you, we have had deep discussions leading me to view your ‘processing and understanding’ of language to be well above average. I would like to think that my understanding of language is also not weak. 2. (no = ‘autistic’) Can you understand facial expressions ‘well’? When Curt met Sean Gabb and I, he said something about being less expressive facially than some but at the same time complimented Sean on his expression, suggesting an awareness, categorisation and recognition at the very least. Sebastian, you seem (to me) to wave in and out of awareness of expression (for awareness may be the first step to ‘understanding’), and I have studied facial expressions (and SMEACs – sub-modal eye action cues) on and off for about ten years so am hyper-aware for things like business trust, poker, spotting lying etc. 3. (no = ‘autistic’) If you play poker, are you better at live poker than internet poker? I don’t know if Curt plays poker. I don’t know whether you prefer online poker or live. I certainly prefer live poker and even consider the layer lost from internet poker enough to deem live poker the best game I have ever played (by a long way) and internet poker as another (subjectively) close-to-time-wasting activity. The main part of the game which appeals to me is the reading of facial expressions which, hopefully, I am reasonable at. This can be shown by long run profit/loss pretty accurately. This, to me, is an excellent consideration because it hits the heart of the apparent similarity between ‘autism sufferers’. 4. (yes = ‘autistic’) Do you have an over-sensitivity or under-sensitivity to sensations? This is the biggest trick question because it guides the mind to think of those situations that noise or other sensations have ‘bothered’ us. Curt said that the music in London (not sure where) was too loud for him to concentrate. Sebastian seems mildly ‘over-sensitive’ to attacks on Rothbard (I suppose that is a sensation) but I see no other correlation or visible sign of this at all. I cover my ears when police cars and ambulances pass. But what does this mean? Do we all share a common over-sensitivity or are there reasons why we do these things that are vastly different from each other with almost no connection? Curt likes quiet music because it is easier to concentrate when music (especially with lyrics in the song…phonological loop interruption etc) is quieter, Sebastian protects Rothbard because he has decided this from information given and I cover my ears because I do not want to damage my ears in the long run. These are all decisions made independently and with consideration, not impulsive or ‘necessary’. I will not go on with this since it is mildly barmy to link them any further. 5. (yes = ‘autistic’) Trouble communicating? What does this mean? If I asked whether some had trouble sleeping most people may not sight a few instances but simply say “yes”. Curt writes succinctly but sometimes by-passes explanation to be concise, but he predominantly does this consciously, as far as I can tell. Sebastian, you have said (self-report….problems already with bias either way) that some people say you are verbose and yet I think the opposite along with Sophie and others. So do you communicate too simply, in too complex a manner, both, or neither? Well that is tough to answer and leaves the question hanging without a real answer beyond: all of the above at different times. Just watch your speech at the conference to show that you are an effective communicator. This is why I flew you halfway across the world! And whether I am a good communicator is tough for me to judge but I doubt that I am terrible. Again, I swing between expressive, succinct, moral-based, scientific, logical, etc depending on who I am addressing so to band me into a section here may be unwise. 6. (yes = ‘autistic’) Do you make sense of the world around you differently to others? This is the best question as far as I am concerned. This really shows me that the only thing in common on this ‘spectrum disorder’ (!!!) is in fact, as stated, application of mind, or focus and intensity. There is no doubt that Curt is driven and energetic with his passions. Sebastian, your knowledge of a wide variety of things is much more than most 30-ish year old and more than most 50-ish year olds too. I try to consider everything and can discuss topics for 9-11 hours (on average). I only ‘get into’ a topic after about two hours and find it frustrating when people get tired or ‘bored’ after a few hours when we have just scratched the surface. But is this me making sense of the world ‘differently’ or more intensely? I am not suggesting I am ‘more correct’ that most people, just that I have trained myself to divorce thinking from stress (paramount when learning anything: sport, a language, or any subject really) with great effort and attempt to apply my mind to the things I decide too. So simply, it is a matter of will, time, and capacity (as stated a few posts up), and virtually nothing to do with ‘differently’. I could go on but with a little application of mind it becomes so clear that this distinction of ‘autism’ is both misplaced and oversimplified, let alone damaging. Marc likes to think of Aspergers as a ‘gift’ but I am trying to get across that that is a massive misconception. If I go blind and hear better this is not a gift, it is a change of focus. Put simply, I think if psychology and general investigations into the mind are exceptionally fruitful in the next decade, we will totally give up on this ‘spectrum’ nonsense and redefine these groups much less specifically, or more specifically into thousands of groups, instead of the get-out clause of a single spectrum. This includes the classification of ‘ADHD’ and ‘OCD’ also which have led to all sorts of prescriptions for damaging medicines as well as a misunderstanding of a biological disorder and an active decision. When I was 7 or 8 I used to smack lamp-posts when I walked past them. This grew until I did it to all of them all the time until I felt uncomfortable not doing it. An idiot would call this OCD but it was simply that I enjoyed the sound of the ‘ping’ and enjoyed working out which types of lamp-posts made what pitch of sound, for how long and how much my hand stung. I wanted the sharpest sound for the least sting. But, it was done through choice. The uncomfortable feeling was from breaking habit and I figured this out. Also, from about 12 to 17 years we had a thermometer outside the front door so on the way in and out I would guess the temperature every time. This was in order to become excellent at doing this and nothing more. Again, when the thermometer came down I felt ‘discomfort’ from turning to where the thermometer was and my guess not being confirmed or adjusted. I am not suggesting either of these ‘are OCD’ or that this loop in the mind is not similar between all people who enter them (same part of brain or same process) but many people thought I ‘had OCD’ for quite a few of these things so I decided to break the loop. It is people who decide not to break this loop that are supposed to ‘have OCD’. Madness. I mean, ADHD has already been torn to shreds so need I say I was an extremely hyperactive child who wanted to spend half his childhood playing sport and the other half reading encyclopedias. ADHD?: hmm.., or energetic child? If someone needs to apply more energy to focus in order not to flit between things then this could be for a thousand different reasons. The best thing to do is either enjoy a breadth of things without specialising in anything, or to apply you mind to learning how to focus. It took me about half an hour to an hour a year to get concentration up to about ten hours but now it is quite easy, like tying shoe laces or walking down stairs without falling over. So Seb, no, not maybe maybe. I am sure it will be in your own version of where I am on this because all the books and studies do the same thing. They all look at behaviour and self-reporting rather than looking at the flow of a mind through time, which is close to impossible given current technology. Sometimes it can be more fun to discuss without constant reference to videos and articles but to explain 100% from one’s own mind, it is like driving a manual: tougher at the start but well worth it for personal development. June 16 at 6:37pm · Edited · Like · 2 Curt Doolittle Medicine identified the behavior. Medicine (incorrectly) because of socialism (equalitarianism) tends to see everything as ‘broken’ that deviates from the mean. The Cathedral (socialists) tend to reinforce this model by positing a docile, communal, feminine norm, rather than treating us as near-speciated, in a hierarchy of classes, and roughly specialized – even beyond the gender specialization. Cognitive science has expanded the definition. I think the most important work on the subject is done by Simon Baron-Cohen. And I have extended his argument to include the Solipsistic behavior of women as well as the autistic behavior of males. I think before you say much on the subject it’s important to read his work. The criticism that Autistic behavior is an illness I think is part of the Medicine/Cathedral/Socialist fallacy. The meaningful question is whether (a) we can be happy or not (b) whether we can successfully compete or not. I tend to position the Solipsistic-Autistic Spectrum as a form of specialization that exaggerates properties commonly associated with genders. I do this because these associations tend to radically influence our moral biases (our moral blindness), and therefore our political preferences. The more autistic the more libertarian, the more solipsistic the more socialist. And the data supports this proposition. As a very mild autist who has worked very hard to improve my condition I tend to attempt to save others the pain by un-demonizing the autistic end of the spectrum while at the same time informing autists of how they can be happy by realizing how to cope on one hand, and how to take advantage of our ‘gifts’ on the other. Like both of you I have the luck of high intelligence. Like Andy I am able to study that which I cannot ‘inuit’, and make use of it. I don’t feel ‘fear’ the way most people do. I feel it as ‘annoyance’. (except in elevators where I am scared to death unless I focus and control it). Unlike serious autists I am not burdened by an inability to maintain ‘presence’ in the real world, nor am I devoid of a ‘self’. It’s just that the autistic experience (that amazing place in your head) is like a very powerful force of gravity that I must constantly fight from falling into. And the only way to do that is to make sure my other stressors are very limited. An autistic person can never leave that place, and has no self to interpret stimuli, and is forced to experience whatever is in front of him. If you have a broader range of empathy and more ‘self’ it is easier to get dopamine rewards. I do it by absorbing information. If I don’t, then I have too few means of getting dopamine rewards. That is why I like selling things. Because it’s an amazing high, and I get a lot of social interaction out of it. So I got good at selling. And that is probably why I’ve accumulated wealth. For say, Seb, it is harder for him to get dopamine rewards, so that is why, like most autists, he needs a rigid framework that allows him to get rewards. We know that severe autistic like number games and calendar games for the same reason. This is why attacking rothbard is painful because it’s a clear route to rewards wherever he can work on it. THe way to solve this problem is to extend the range of inquiry. And to develop new means of stimulation. The problem is that you can’t do that under stress easily as an autist. Which is why I would like to see him (you seb) be in a calm stable place for a few years, and get into a place where you make reliable money. Conversely, watch how some women can be brought to tears by oxytocin releases when they think about or are about to give blood, or care for some creature, or feel empathy for someone. It’s just drug addiction. Nothing more. It’s just beneficial drug addiction. Cause being addicted to hugs and kisses and caretaking turns out to be pretty desirable for all involved. Anyway. My life was difficult largely because I grew up in a very rural, isolated mennonite farming community in the 60’s and 70’s and I had to have fist fights on a regular basis to protect myself from the local animal (questionably human) population. I had only books, and thinkers in those books, to associate with at my level. If you have family that’s quite bright, then that makes it a lot easier. Today when the diagnosis and medication are available, life is much easier. I mean, In our backward community, I just was the target of abuse. This was well before being a nerd was fashionable. So rather than take it I became an aggressor against it. (Thus fulfilling my family’s motto: “woe to he who aggresses against me” which I had no knowledge of at the time, but I suppose is a long standing family trait.) Autism is stressful. Stress reduces our ability to grow neurons and actually kills off neurons. For autists, or for males in general, this is a very bad thing, because we must grow replacements for in-utero damage to us that makes us excessively male. Some drugs are neurogenic – that’s why they work. I think in the future it will be much easier to ‘grow new neurons’ and therefore increase the possibility of reward associations, such that more of us more happily leave the autistic spectrum behind. Conversely, aggressiveness is caused often by neural damage. Nature wants us to be aggressive. Otherwise we don’t kill the guys next door and take their chicks….. Which is the most effective algorithm we can adopt. June 16 at 7:34pm · Like · 2 Andy Curzon Excellent answer Curt, thanks. I like this the most: —‘ If you have a broader range of empathy and more ‘self’ it is easier to get dopamine rewards. I do it by absorbing information. If I don’t, then I have too few means of getting dopamine rewards. That is why I like selling things. Because it’s an amazing high, and I get a lot of social interaction out of it. So I got good at selling. And that is probably why I’ve accumulated wealth. ‘ — June 16 at 9:32pm · Unlike · 4
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[T]he more free riding you suppress, the more productivity that you enforce. And
[T]he more free riding you suppress, the more productivity that you enforce. And northern europeans simply suppressed more free riding than any other people. What we resent is that physical effort is more costly to the individual than intellectual effort, and that intellectual effort is much more productive and scarce than physical effort.
Andy Curzon Yes and yes. June 15 at 4:10pm · Like Andy Curzon One of the reasons why intellectual effort is becoming more ‘productive’ and physical less is the pairing of technological improvements in machinery (reducing the production per unit of one man’s labour) and the internet is allowing for people like you and I getting hold of more intelligent perspectives at the click of a button than our predecessors. June 15 at 4:12pm · Unlike · 1 Curt Doolittle Agreed. I just couldn’t afford to spend all the time in libraries AND run a business. Whereas, I can pretty much remain connected to the internet twenty four hours a day, and use every available moment to work. June 15 at 4:20pm · Like · 1 Michael Philip what are the views of northern europeans on women and marriage? June 15 at 4:23pm · Like Curt Doolittle Michael Philip : I don’t understand the question….. June 15 at 5:27pm · Like Michael Philip eh, ok i mean what the views on sexuality and/or marriage in that part of the world as compared to say the USA June 15 at 5:27pm · Like Curt Doolittle Hmm…. Vews vs practices. Words mean nothing. Views are used to justify practices. Practices are habituated (traditional) normative. Practices are demonstrated preferences (truths). Read this for a summary of Emmanuel Todd’s work on the invention of europe and different family systems. http://www.craigwilly.info/…/emmanuel-todds-linvention…/ Search for “Hanjal Line” and read on that. Read this post on the american nations. http://jaymans.wordpress.com/…/religions-of-the…/ You’lll see that there are a number of basic subcultures in the USA that reflect dominant areas of emigration from europe to the states, and that these practices and corresponding moral codes remain intact over generations. Next: http://jaymans.wordpress.com/…/an-hbd-summary-of-the…/ June 15 at 7:10pm · Like Andy Curzon — ‘Practices are demonstrated preferences (truths).’ — Yes But it is also true to say that I can not look backwards at time as it was before video cameras even though I know that a man would still be killed by a dozen bullets through the brain. I have not experienced this but I know it to be true. Of course this ‘true’ has an ‘if’ contingent – if the man’s head is blown to bits then it is true that he will not go on living – but this makes it no less true hypothetically. It is useful to be able to view things from both these worlds, not putting one above the other but seeing them in parallel. So are we splitting ‘true’ into two categories rather than confining it to what can be seen and measured? From another angle, could defining what is ‘true’ as what can be observed physically not be constricting theory and it’s use within both understanding and application? It seems to me a little like two people from different countries arguing that their language is easier to converse in. I am all for ‘words mean nothing’ in regards to changing the shape of things in an instant, but they themselves (as sounds wave interpreted between people) do lead to actions. So to view the words in a slice of still time may be a mistake…not that you do. June 15 at 7:18pm · Edited · Like Curt Doolittle The word ‘know’ is term of obscurantism. Knowing is an experience, not an action. What action is any such ‘knowledge’ an experience of? You mean, I suspect, that given your multitude of experiences, that yet another experience of the same, will correspond to the same cause and effect. And that you are wiling to gamble significant risk on this. (Despite the fact that people have survived many shots to the head…. ) You are willing to refer to a thing as a table because all other things you have called a table share properties. That is all that you are saying. The only way to judge your question of truth is cost. If you will die that cost is high. You only ‘know’ what you are willing to demonstrate that you know. Everything else is a matter of relative costs. June 15 at 7:21pm · Like Curt Doolittle Certain Deduction requires that sufficient informatin is present to yield the deduction. We can deduce (know) many things. However, our claim to degree of ‘knowledge’ is merely an empty verbalism without costs. Distance in space for example, is not measurable without velocity. But on earth, at human scale, we do not consider velocity a property of distance. in mathematics we do not either. We assume infinite velocity of all statements. We cannot confused ignored informatino useful in a given context, with the fact that we can merely ignore it given the context. June 15 at 7:24pm · Like Andy Curzon If considering hypothetical situations (and the ‘future’ in general) has been one of the major contributors to saving, investing and productivity increases it seems there is a great cost to confining or constricting this ‘if-then true’ verbalisms into the pseudoscience or tautology venn diagram. What I mean to ask really is what is the point of this distinction in the first place? And is this aim malleable, or does it even matter that ‘the law of marginal diminishing returns’ could in fact be improved upon? I.e.: the human construction is no less useful simply because a better explanation has been presented. Things are only improved with correct information and applied hypothetical analysis. Of course ‘degree of knowledge’ is that thing we are always blind to as humans but this takes nothing away from the fact that it is useful to be aware of these verbalisms. So then why would we call them ’empty verbalisms’ if they are practically useful? Lots of questions, I am struggling through analysis of that Hoppe essay so this is my break! June 15 at 7:37pm · Like Curt Doolittle Utilitarianism vs truth then? Knowledge of use (Utility) rather than knowledge of construction (truth)? I think you might be getting distracted (as were physicists and mathematicians) between the utility of an imprecise concept as a general rule, and a statement of truth and apodictic certainty. Knowledge sufficient for action is not knowledge sufficient for truth claims. A monkey can use a stick. It means nothing. The underlying argument upon which all this continental justification and cosmopolitan critique is suppose to defend, is the statement that economics is not empirical (observational) and therefore experimentation is unnecessary. Whereas, the evidence is that economics is empirical because most economic phenomenon are emergent and not deducible from first principles. My counter argument is that if we cannot EXPLAIN phenomenon as rational human actions (OPERATIONS) then we cannot lay claim to understanding the phenomenon. Worse, that we cannot see what thefts and redistributions are conducted without that. ie: we cannot tell if an economic phenomenon is moral or not. Worse, if it is immoral, it is a lost opportunity for exchange, more so than merely an immoral theft. That is to say,t hat the transfer could be conducted by transparent voluntary means, not by involuntary and obscurant means – if the recipient was forced to provide something in return: namely, adherence to preferred norms. June 15 at 7:48pm · Like Andy Curzon Got it. I think the reason why continental justification went in that direction was to explain away the logic behind redistribution. Economics is both observational in the experience sense and partly ‘a priori based’ in the personal consideration sense. This is no small point. I have not explained it well yet. But I think it is all about the complexity of inter-personal considerations. I can be clearer on my future when it contains only me and the few objects I need to survive, but as soon as another person enters the scene one must learn more and more through observation to become more and more accurate, always adapting. In an odd sort of way the more ‘rules’ (or tools) one creates for oneself to live by (mathematics, logic, concept of gravity, concept of energy, space and time, etc) the easier it is to learn and adapt, but it inverts when it comes to co-operation. Nothing is to be presumed and as little is to be assumed as possible or these pseudosciences proliferate. So your counter argument is within the framework of co-operation (or consideration between people), rather than personal reflection or understanding of reasons behind one’s own choice. If I am vaguely on track here then things are good. Plug in any gaps where possible. This seems to be the only position I can be square with having read this quote a few pages from the Hoppe essay I sent you: — ‘…as the foundation of the law of demand, this law of marginal utility then follows directly from the undeniably true proposition that every actor always prefers what satisfies him more over what satisfies him less.’ — We would both agree that this ‘undeniably true’ is based on an a priori proposition: basically that people always act in line with their preferences. The fact that that proposition can only be shown through action does not mean that it is sometimes not true (and renders the conception of falsification in this instance irrelevant). Surely this is the simplest ‘if-then true’ with regard people: that if we act, then we show our priorities. The information is gathered through observation but the premise is created entirely independently from measurement or inter-personal experience (i.e.: if I thought of it, you would not necessarily and in every case know it through looking at me, or even observing me act). Once again this shows the importance/use/possible subjective value/desire of/for both these verbalisms (which I am sorry, but they are not ’empty’ by any standards but by those of a dogmatist) which can be shown themselves through observation and measurement by the fact that they have been created, are being used, are still being constructed today and will be for the remainder of our species’ existence, now that we have the cognitive scope to deal with such tools. And to be more clear, I am not stating that something is intrinsically useful because people think it is, merely that, rationally, when people continue in a direction of thought or action they are showing themselves to value this thought process or action, if only to themselves. So in selling Propertarianism I see how you want to attack rationalism, just as rationalists (infuriatingly) want to attack nihilists and relativists but we must be honest and see that they are all in fact languages of expression. They all have their uses within certain frameworks and it seems far more productive to build a world within it’s own galaxy rather than invest heavily into inter-stellar warfare. It reminds me of nature and nurture. We know nature is far more effective than nurture despite what ‘evidence’ seems to be presented to the contrary because we know how the human mind works (or at least enough to be confident that we are simply dualistic beings of yes/no, bigger/smaller, happy-yes-attract sad-no-repel mechanisms within our brain). So does it make sense to show how little nurture effects us? Of course not, because there is little doubt that one’s culture and nurture are effective in shaping a character but it will always be constrained by our nature (or cognitive and physical capacity). Interpretation from empirical data is constrained by our rational understanding of the ‘bigger picture’. To be honest and intelligent one must always interpret some data sometimes, however straightforward it may seem to be, and this is where the constraints of rationality enter the picture. Just as one can not blame Genghis Khan’s culture completely for his raping and killing, to try and pin it all on nature is absurd. Simply, I can not brush either empiricism or rationalism aside. To even consider them in series is inane because they are parallel viewpoints in very different settings from nature and nurture, but share an amazing expression of our will, as people, to resolve conflict by sitting on one side. They are false dichotomies. As such I am going to be bold and suggest that all the time Hoppe devotes to ‘killing logical positivism’ and all the time you spend knocking down ‘apriorisms’ will serve only to clarify their galaxies and separate them further and more accurately, not invalidate each other. If that is the only purpose then efforts are not wasted. He hates some of the results from taking a dogmatically empirical approach and you dislike some of the results from taking a dogmatically rationalist approach but that, in the nicest possible way, is irrelevant since we are discussing this to further and clarify philosophy, not cloud it in conflict and dogmatism. June 15 at 9:11pm · Edited · Like Juan Sebastian Ortiz I agree with the balanced Englishman´s last paragraph. Mind you, Mises was a dualist-Kantian and I think this is what your post gets to. You cannot formulate a representation of being without sensory data but you cannot argue about something relating to internal experiences of human cognition without making reference to your experience of human cognition. This is not a mere neurological process because we do not understand it as a merely neurological process, we understand it because of mirror neurons and the particular structure of the brain, it involves an intuitive insight. Rothbard called himself an empiricist. What I find particularly annoying is that these are nothing but representations of concept in the most Schoppenhauerian sense. It´s a false dichotomy with a cultural background. One is an anthropological-descriptive analysis that is deeply flawed because there are immense tracts of data that do not entail evidence but history, it provides a reference but not a working assumption. The other is a clean cut aim towards internal consistency and external functionality. Where the line that divides them clearly lies is a matter of nothing other than semantic foundations of meaning and what is meaningful. We are not anthropological biologists documenting the specific causes of the untestable. We are probing to integrate in construction. The formulation of empiricism is contradictory as Hoppe has shown but only in its formulation, yet without its formulation we are all cavemen regardless of IQ. A Stirnerian conceptlessness is at best a hallucination. I think it´s a matter of how ¨autistic¨ or explicit you want to get with your representation. Intention is projected in the abstract because those with the ability to accurately represent the world accurately not out of mere malthusian conditions but from true reflective insight were philosophical people. You can call yourself a more cold and honest thinker but the problems we face always are psycho-social or economic-interpersonal not material or academic. Functional universalism or cosmopolitanism is merely the acknowledgement of cost for the introspective mind, you act upon a line of thinking under certain assumptions not mere observations because you need to act and because novelty is virtually exponential however you categorize it so more observations do not necessarily yield more functions but more correlations to other functions. There´s no rationalism without empiricism but there can be empiricism without rationalism and this is completely meaningless, it is a form of pure observation akin to Asian contemplative philosophies. Do you want to find a purely empirical actor whose behavior can be reduced to demonstrated preference? look at a hunter gatherer. Do you want an even more empirical actor? look at a hunter gatherer from the time before language developed. Unfortunately I cannot stop agreeing with Hoppe there are natural elites who have been able to formulate reality in abstract terms, this I think is more refined than we imagined, the kind of natural elite here is not so much a breed of human as a particular luck of the draw within breeds of humans. For everyone else most of these tasks have been ported to the brain and the tribe. This is why the in my opinion the most honest social scientists have been the philosophers, especially the most autistic ones, because they were truly trying to formulate their perception of humanity in the most explicit way starting from the point that they were not themselves like the rest. Yes there´s always a historical precedent for the emergence of conceptual frameworks and here´s where I am most suspicious of Curt(in his attacking Rothbard moreso than Rand) the frameworks that have emerged from social interaction are always those which have been comparatively wrong, shown to be inferior to the analytic narratives of autistic/philosophers and only transitioned when a technological coincidence enabled the tribe to apply the insights of the autists. Only in this consensus model do you see the notion not of inspection for contradiction but of peer review emerge. This sufficient information for survival-cohesion, etc has always been inferior to the intuitive models (plus debugging) of some autistic philosopher or another because their particular perspective that of someone aiming to adapt and understand, which is to say categorical. Forever the tribe simply lagged behind the autistic until the time when something, crop yields, technology, commerce, etc facilitated the propagation of autistic formulations of being-ness. Mathematics, computing, geometry, etc. Human society, as a historical collection of observable anthropological phenomena has been nothing for the most part than the soil for great minds to increast the abstract tool-set of understanding and implement it into production. While this happens average intelligence increases but as Hoppe has pointed out, the relevant warp-speed tipping point is when there´s enough people capable of implementing the autistic formulations of the autistic into the economy. The great man has not been the product of institutions, castes, races or even pressures, it has been the product of a certain happy and tragic insightfulness which involves a luck of the draw statistically more difficult than even cultures are able to produce due to the regression of the mean. I doubt there have even been a million true philosophers in history and I think they were the result of at times accidental in or ex breeding of regressions to a repetitively high mean resulting not from intentional breeding but perhaps from Aristocratic cosmopolitan breeding. My point is, that without these people even the relatively new Lockean-Humean-Baconian-Popperian notions of science(read research and applied technology) could not have been postulated. Is it a false dichotomy? yes but only ¨pure¨ empiricism contradicts itself, pure rationalism in biological terms is probably a different approach to analysis and projection(formulation) from a few individuals ¨like us¨ who make the values for the tribe to use. June 15 at 10:25pm · Like Andy Curzon Sebastian, when you write — ‘Forever the tribe simply lagged behind the autistic until the time when something, crop yields, technology, commerce, etc facilitated the propagation of autistic formulations of being-ness. Mathematics, computing, geometry, etc. Human society, as a historical collection of observable anthropological phenomena has been nothing for the most part than the soil for great minds to increase the abstract tool-set of understanding and implement it into production.’ — you are defining autistic as simply ‘high capacity to and drive towards application of mind’. Well it is the only thing that makes sense if we see it as a spectrum in which case it is an adapting mutation within the Darwinian evolutionary stairs. Finally we can have an objective basis for the autistic person: one who applies themself with vigour. But. This can be considered rationally but not tested because it would involve reading minds. So with the limits of today’s technology in mind, this would be an apt example of when a rational conception can be applied as an objective standard to gain insight into human beings. Again, this can not be measured or tested accurately yet but the premise may yet serve to divide the mover and shakers from the others along the same scale (80% or so) as that of this ‘autism’. Also, with the last quoted sentence (ending ‘production’) I think you are showing your personal view on production maybe more than epigenetic and cultural development, especially in the past few centuries. To map how these minds have shaped the world is more than to see what they have produced, although to view it from such an angle is of good use in certain circumstances. June 16 at 12:41am · Edited · Like · 1 Juan Sebastian Ortiz I am not necessarily defining autistic, I could take Curt´s empirical position and then leave autism undefined as a series of more or less traits within a continuum of aspergers and non verbal disorder. What strikes me as evident is that the interesting weirdos of history who indeed applied their minds to things fit these traits which have been collected in ¨diagnosis¨ there´s definitely an overlap. June 16 at 12:49am · Like Andy Curzon I wonder, If one would not call the group of people with high IQs a group with a disorder, why could the ‘autism’ or ‘application of mind + cognitive and physical capacity’ spectrum be thought of as so? The answer may lie in the pairing of focused thought from many an individual with a lack of time and effective effort in understanding social norms, or redefining these norms as to fit their personal perception of the world. Apparent overlap with traits may simply be an expression of individuality conveyed through, again, a focus on particular fields which often leave the ‘simple’ things in life out. A lot of great thinkers like having receptionists or secretaries to organise their lives because their focus is better directed ‘like an arrow’, as you say Sebastian. Focus, desire, ability and time combine with the human mind like fillet steak and peppercorn sauce to devastate and redefine what good food ‘really’ is, more and more through time. Whether the offshoot of this is that people are insular or flamboyant, it is the focus of someone’s attention where the energy is being used and as such it may be an idea for it to be the focus of investigation. June 16 at 3:27am · Like · 1 Michael Philip it seems that extreme empiricism breeds dogmas like the is/ought gap and causality is replaced with metaphysical coincidences (in the case of Hume) while extreme rationalism breeds pure reason which is completely detached from reality. (which Hume also criticized). June 16 at 3:45am · Edited · Like Juan Sebastian Ortiz Andy, maybe, maybe, but I advocate us as the norm…as a compromise between testosterone levels, time preference and cognitive ability. The term autistic came from this. This is a perfect example of empiricism gone apeshit bad. All noblesse oblige is filtered out and suddenly every formulation is just a projection of bias. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tPgUa_IjW7A Play Video Primary Politics Base: race, sub-racial group and it’s traditions, gender biology. Superstructure… See More June 16 at 5:11am · Edited · Like · Remove Preview Andy Curzon Let’s not jump in and use the ‘us’ word with regard to these three things: testosterone, time preference and cognitive ability. To find pairing of people with similar levels in all three would be tough enough, let alone attempting to band all apparent autistics in an ‘us’. Why is it so tough for me to convince people that this ‘autism’ (especially aspergers) is close to arbitrary, oversimplified and basically fallacious? Investigate what it is really supposed to be and (although some of these can be tough to answer accurately) ask yourself: 1. Are you good at processing and understanding language? 2. Can you understand facial expressions ‘well’? 3. If you play poker, are you better at live poker than internet poker? 4. Do you have an over-sensitivity or under-sensitivity to sensations? 5. Do you have trouble communicating? 6. Do you make sense of the world around you differently to others? And others, but these are the most useful to both categorise one as autistic, and to show how illogical and incorrect the whole generalisation is. According to modern mainstream if your answer to the top three is no, and the bottom three is yes then you are somewhere on the ‘spectrum’ (how convenient!).. Here is one of many explanations of this ‘autism’, read the text: http://www.autism.org.uk/…/autism…/what-is-autism.aspx What is autism? www.autism.org.uk Autism is a lifelong developmental disability that affects the way a person comm… See More June 16 at 2:11pm · Edited · Like · Remove Preview Andy Curzon Curt, I am fascinated by what you have to say on all this. If there is one thing I can hopefully show you it is that the classification of autism is more damaging to our understanding of our species than it is helpful, and by a large margin because the whole paradigm is inverted and over-conflated. In one sense, it reminds me of classifying people as confident or introverted across a spectrum: not only is this a false dichotomy but people change with circumstance as one can grow to be more sociable or less ‘autistic’ (or more, but what is this ‘autistic’?!). Given all this, let’s attend the questions briefly and consider Curt, Sebastian and I, just an an initial consideration. (Marc and Jim, this may interest you, let us know what you think.) 1. (no = ‘autistic’) Are you good at processing and understanding language? Curt, as far as I can tell processes a lot of information pretty efficiently and it would be tough to suggest that he is bad at understanding simple or complex ideas. Sebastian, your English is excellent considering it is not your first language and having explained a lot of complicated topics to you, we have had deep discussions leading me to view your ‘processing and understanding’ of language to be well above average. I would like to think that my understanding of language is also not weak. 2. (no = ‘autistic’) Can you understand facial expressions ‘well’? When Curt met Sean Gabb and I, he said something about being less expressive facially than some but at the same time complimented Sean on his expression, suggesting an awareness, categorisation and recognition at the very least. Sebastian, you seem (to me) to wave in and out of awareness of expression (for awareness may be the first step to ‘understanding’), and I have studied facial expressions (and SMEACs – sub-modal eye action cues) on and off for about ten years so am hyper-aware for things like business trust, poker, spotting lying etc. 3. (no = ‘autistic’) If you play poker, are you better at live poker than internet poker? I don’t know if Curt plays poker. I don’t know whether you prefer online poker or live. I certainly prefer live poker and even consider the layer lost from internet poker enough to deem live poker the best game I have ever played (by a long way) and internet poker as another (subjectively) close-to-time-wasting activity. The main part of the game which appeals to me is the reading of facial expressions which, hopefully, I am reasonable at. This can be shown by long run profit/loss pretty accurately. This, to me, is an excellent consideration because it hits the heart of the apparent similarity between ‘autism sufferers’. 4. (yes = ‘autistic’) Do you have an over-sensitivity or under-sensitivity to sensations? This is the biggest trick question because it guides the mind to think of those situations that noise or other sensations have ‘bothered’ us. Curt said that the music in London (not sure where) was too loud for him to concentrate. Sebastian seems mildly ‘over-sensitive’ to attacks on Rothbard (I suppose that is a sensation) but I see no other correlation or visible sign of this at all. I cover my ears when police cars and ambulances pass. But what does this mean? Do we all share a common over-sensitivity or are there reasons why we do these things that are vastly different from each other with almost no connection? Curt likes quiet music because it is easier to concentrate when music (especially with lyrics in the song…phonological loop interruption etc) is quieter, Sebastian protects Rothbard because he has decided this from information given and I cover my ears because I do not want to damage my ears in the long run. These are all decisions made independently and with consideration, not impulsive or ‘necessary’. I will not go on with this since it is mildly barmy to link them any further. 5. (yes = ‘autistic’) Trouble communicating? What does this mean? If I asked whether some had trouble sleeping most people may not sight a few instances but simply say “yes”. Curt writes succinctly but sometimes by-passes explanation to be concise, but he predominantly does this consciously, as far as I can tell. Sebastian, you have said (self-report….problems already with bias either way) that some people say you are verbose and yet I think the opposite along with Sophie and others. So do you communicate too simply, in too complex a manner, both, or neither? Well that is tough to answer and leaves the question hanging without a real answer beyond: all of the above at different times. Just watch your speech at the conference to show that you are an effective communicator. This is why I flew you halfway across the world! And whether I am a good communicator is tough for me to judge but I doubt that I am terrible. Again, I swing between expressive, succinct, moral-based, scientific, logical, etc depending on who I am addressing so to band me into a section here may be unwise. 6. (yes = ‘autistic’) Do you make sense of the world around you differently to others? This is the best question as far as I am concerned. This really shows me that the only thing in common on this ‘spectrum disorder’ (!!!) is in fact, as stated, application of mind, or focus and intensity. There is no doubt that Curt is driven and energetic with his passions. Sebastian, your knowledge of a wide variety of things is much more than most 30-ish year old and more than most 50-ish year olds too. I try to consider everything and can discuss topics for 9-11 hours (on average). I only ‘get into’ a topic after about two hours and find it frustrating when people get tired or ‘bored’ after a few hours when we have just scratched the surface. But is this me making sense of the world ‘differently’ or more intensely? I am not suggesting I am ‘more correct’ that most people, just that I have trained myself to divorce thinking from stress (paramount when learning anything: sport, a language, or any subject really) with great effort and attempt to apply my mind to the things I decide too. So simply, it is a matter of will, time, and capacity (as stated a few posts up), and virtually nothing to do with ‘differently’. I could go on but with a little application of mind it becomes so clear that this distinction of ‘autism’ is both misplaced and oversimplified, let alone damaging. Marc likes to think of Aspergers as a ‘gift’ but I am trying to get across that that is a massive misconception. If I go blind and hear better this is not a gift, it is a change of focus. Put simply, I think if psychology and general investigations into the mind are exceptionally fruitful in the next decade, we will totally give up on this ‘spectrum’ nonsense and redefine these groups much less specifically, or more specifically into thousands of groups, instead of the get-out clause of a single spectrum. This includes the classification of ‘ADHD’ and ‘OCD’ also which have led to all sorts of prescriptions for damaging medicines as well as a misunderstanding of a biological disorder and an active decision. When I was 7 or 8 I used to smack lamp-posts when I walked past them. This grew until I did it to all of them all the time until I felt uncomfortable not doing it. An idiot would call this OCD but it was simply that I enjoyed the sound of the ‘ping’ and enjoyed working out which types of lamp-posts made what pitch of sound, for how long and how much my hand stung. I wanted the sharpest sound for the least sting. But, it was done through choice. The uncomfortable feeling was from breaking habit and I figured this out. Also, from about 12 to 17 years we had a thermometer outside the front door so on the way in and out I would guess the temperature every time. This was in order to become excellent at doing this and nothing more. Again, when the thermometer came down I felt ‘discomfort’ from turning to where the thermometer was and my guess not being confirmed or adjusted. I am not suggesting either of these ‘are OCD’ or that this loop in the mind is not similar between all people who enter them (same part of brain or same process) but many people thought I ‘had OCD’ for quite a few of these things so I decided to break the loop. It is people who decide not to break this loop that are supposed to ‘have OCD’. Madness. I mean, ADHD has already been torn to shreds so need I say I was an extremely hyperactive child who wanted to spend half his childhood playing sport and the other half reading encyclopedias. ADHD?: hmm.., or energetic child? If someone needs to apply more energy to focus in order not to flit between things then this could be for a thousand different reasons. The best thing to do is either enjoy a breadth of things without specialising in anything, or to apply you mind to learning how to focus. It took me about half an hour to an hour a year to get concentration up to about ten hours but now it is quite easy, like tying shoe laces or walking down stairs without falling over. So Seb, no, not maybe maybe. I am sure it will be in your own version of where I am on this because all the books and studies do the same thing. They all look at behaviour and self-reporting rather than looking at the flow of a mind through time, which is close to impossible given current technology. Sometimes it can be more fun to discuss without constant reference to videos and articles but to explain 100% from one’s own mind, it is like driving a manual: tougher at the start but well worth it for personal development. June 16 at 6:37pm · Edited · Like · 2 Curt Doolittle Medicine identified the behavior. Medicine (incorrectly) because of socialism (equalitarianism) tends to see everything as ‘broken’ that deviates from the mean. The Cathedral (socialists) tend to reinforce this model by positing a docile, communal, feminine norm, rather than treating us as near-speciated, in a hierarchy of classes, and roughly specialized – even beyond the gender specialization. Cognitive science has expanded the definition. I think the most important work on the subject is done by Simon Baron-Cohen. And I have extended his argument to include the Solipsistic behavior of women as well as the autistic behavior of males. I think before you say much on the subject it’s important to read his work. The criticism that Autistic behavior is an illness I think is part of the Medicine/Cathedral/Socialist fallacy. The meaningful question is whether (a) we can be happy or not (b) whether we can successfully compete or not. I tend to position the Solipsistic-Autistic Spectrum as a form of specialization that exaggerates properties commonly associated with genders. I do this because these associations tend to radically influence our moral biases (our moral blindness), and therefore our political preferences. The more autistic the more libertarian, the more solipsistic the more socialist. And the data supports this proposition. As a very mild autist who has worked very hard to improve my condition I tend to attempt to save others the pain by un-demonizing the autistic end of the spectrum while at the same time informing autists of how they can be happy by realizing how to cope on one hand, and how to take advantage of our ‘gifts’ on the other. Like both of you I have the luck of high intelligence. Like Andy I am able to study that which I cannot ‘inuit’, and make use of it. I don’t feel ‘fear’ the way most people do. I feel it as ‘annoyance’. (except in elevators where I am scared to death unless I focus and control it). Unlike serious autists I am not burdened by an inability to maintain ‘presence’ in the real world, nor am I devoid of a ‘self’. It’s just that the autistic experience (that amazing place in your head) is like a very powerful force of gravity that I must constantly fight from falling into. And the only way to do that is to make sure my other stressors are very limited. An autistic person can never leave that place, and has no self to interpret stimuli, and is forced to experience whatever is in front of him. If you have a broader range of empathy and more ‘self’ it is easier to get dopamine rewards. I do it by absorbing information. If I don’t, then I have too few means of getting dopamine rewards. That is why I like selling things. Because it’s an amazing high, and I get a lot of social interaction out of it. So I got good at selling. And that is probably why I’ve accumulated wealth. For say, Seb, it is harder for him to get dopamine rewards, so that is why, like most autists, he needs a rigid framework that allows him to get rewards. We know that severe autistic like number games and calendar games for the same reason. This is why attacking rothbard is painful because it’s a clear route to rewards wherever he can work on it. THe way to solve this problem is to extend the range of inquiry. And to develop new means of stimulation. The problem is that you can’t do that under stress easily as an autist. Which is why I would like to see him (you seb) be in a calm stable place for a few years, and get into a place where you make reliable money. Conversely, watch how some women can be brought to tears by oxytocin releases when they think about or are about to give blood, or care for some creature, or feel empathy for someone. It’s just drug addiction. Nothing more. It’s just beneficial drug addiction. Cause being addicted to hugs and kisses and caretaking turns out to be pretty desirable for all involved. Anyway. My life was difficult largely because I grew up in a very rural, isolated mennonite farming community in the 60’s and 70’s and I had to have fist fights on a regular basis to protect myself from the local animal (questionably human) population. I had only books, and thinkers in those books, to associate with at my level. If you have family that’s quite bright, then that makes it a lot easier. Today when the diagnosis and medication are available, life is much easier. I mean, In our backward community, I just was the target of abuse. This was well before being a nerd was fashionable. So rather than take it I became an aggressor against it. (Thus fulfilling my family’s motto: “woe to he who aggresses against me” which I had no knowledge of at the time, but I suppose is a long standing family trait.) Autism is stressful. Stress reduces our ability to grow neurons and actually kills off neurons. For autists, or for males in general, this is a very bad thing, because we must grow replacements for in-utero damage to us that makes us excessively male. Some drugs are neurogenic – that’s why they work. I think in the future it will be much easier to ‘grow new neurons’ and therefore increase the possibility of reward associations, such that more of us more happily leave the autistic spectrum behind. Conversely, aggressiveness is caused often by neural damage. Nature wants us to be aggressive. Otherwise we don’t kill the guys next door and take their chicks….. Which is the most effective algorithm we can adopt. June 16 at 7:34pm · Like · 2 Andy Curzon Excellent answer Curt, thanks. I like this the most: —‘ If you have a broader range of empathy and more ‘self’ it is easier to get dopamine rewards. I do it by absorbing information. If I don’t, then I have too few means of getting dopamine rewards. That is why I like selling things. Because it’s an amazing high, and I get a lot of social interaction out of it. So I got good at selling. And that is probably why I’ve accumulated wealth. ‘ — June 16 at 9:32pm · Unlike · 4
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THE IRONY OF AUSTRIAN APRIORISM (profound) (reformation of libertarianism) From
THE IRONY OF AUSTRIAN APRIORISM
(profound) (reformation of libertarianism)
From my position as a scientific realist, understanding that praxeology is and must be an operational discipline, the advocates of apriorism and the universal deducibility of economics appear humorously ironic – whenever they are not exasperatingly frustrating.
SUBJECTIVE TESTING
We cannot deduce economic phenomenon (laws) from fist principles. We have not. We do not. We will not. The matter is settled by the evidence that we did not deduce sticky prices, consumer irrationality, the extraordinary impact of morality on economics, and the multitude of cognitive biases that incorrectly inform our intuitions.
But, what we CAN do, given an empirically, instrumentally observed phenomenon, is to deduce the incentives to act, and therefore the actions that produce economic phenomenon, particularly emergent economic phenomenon, once they are empirically observed.
And conversely, we can test the rationality of incentives, and the voluntary or involuntary transfer of property, of economic propositions, if they are stated in operational language: as a SERIES OF HUMAN ACTIONS. (ie: operationalism)
We can perform this test because human incentives sufficient for the voluntary organization of production are marginally indifferent. If they were not marginally indifferent then the voluntary organization of production in a polity of humans would be if not impossible, at least far more difficult.
We do experience this level of difficulty whenever the difference in the portfolio of property rights used in any two polities are sufficiently different that trade must be reduced to the lowest common denominator. This is the case for trade barriers.
Trade barriers compensate for differences in local purchasing power, but also for differences in local property rights – for example, when the export of natural resources are subject to tariffs for redistribution to the polity. But the more common example is trade with primitive societies in which intertemporal contract and property do not exist.
OPERATIONALISM = HUMAN ACTION
Operationalism is the requirement that we express statements as a series of actions. Operationalism requires that we demonstrate knowledge of construction, because one cannot make operational statements without knowledge of construction.
Human action is an operationalist discipline. It a contradiction to state that the study of human actions differs from the study of operations in sequence. These terms are synonymous. The logic of describing the world in terms of human actions.
Kant invented his philosophy to construct obscurantism in an effort to restore authority lost by religion in the enlightenment. It is an anti-scientific, anti-anglo empiricist philosophy of social rebellion. Cognitive science has come down on the Anglo side of the argument. The study of economics is, like all human investigation into phenomenon, one requiring the scientific method.
The scientific method is not particular to science. It only emerged in that discipline and therefore bears the name of that discipline. The scientific method is the only known means of organized, intentional, investigation of reality.
The scientific method is the universal epistemological method. It is the best one that we have found.
SCIENCE VS EMPIRICISM, POSITIVISM, AND FALSIFICATION
One of the most common fallacies of libertarian arguments is the conflation of science and the scientific method with either empiricism or positivism or both.
Science as it is practiced states that we never know the most parsimonious theory with the greatest explanatory power that explains causal relations and changes in state. And, that any model we construct whether verbal, operational, or logical and axiomatic rests upon a network of concepts that can be restructured at any point forward. This is a skeptical position and science has taught us it is correct to be skeptical. But in economics and politics, this uncertainty is not a weakness. It is a strength. We do not need greater certainty to act. We need greater certainty only to compel others to action. And in libertarian theory we should never seek to compel others to action except through fully informed voluntary exchange.
-Context and Precision-
Some of the time our theories are entirely false (phlogiston theory) some of which are limited by precision (newton’s theory of gravity). Both theories are false. But phlogiston theory is false in all circumstances, and newton’s theory of gravity is only false outside of the boundaries of “human scale” (the very small and the very large). Economic theories, referring to aggregates, are almost always false for any given case within the aggregate, but not for the aggregate expression itself. So theories, correspondence with reality, always and everywhere, are context dependent.
-Math and Logic-
Now, the same is true for most mathematical theories. The goal of mathematics is to create context independent general rules. So rules of arbitrary precision. And mathematics has had terrible difficulty in maintaining deductive certainty while trying to create rules independent of context. ie: with arbitrary precision. They solved it with the axiom of choice and maintaining the law of the excluded middle. Both of which are logical violations necessary to construct rules using arbitrary precision independent of context
-Falsification-
Falsification only requires that a statement be both falisifiable and that we can no longer identify new tests. It does not say that we need to repeat tests. Just the opposite. It says that we must create more precise, narrower tests, to further harden a theory if we wish to further test it. In fact, confirmation (repeating a test) is, under falsification, a fallacy. Since it merely confirms the prior test, and says nothing about the theory itself.
-Sufficiency For Voluntary Action-
*The Only Form Of Scientific Certainty Is The Level Sufficient For Voluntary Action*: Science states that we can never know enough to be certain, only that we can know enough to willingly ACT using the best of our knowledge at any given point; and that our confidence in those actions must be limited by the durability of a theory.
The important point for libertarians being, that unlike the ironic fallacies put forth by Mises, the scientific argument is that there is NEVER a case where if you are not convinced of something, that you may be deprived of your property for political purposes – unless you are free riding.
Some theories are very durable. We call them laws. A law is a theory that we cannot figure out how to disprove, and whose precision and explanatory power we do not yet know how to increase.
Most theories that describe economic aggregates are imprecise, time variant, and open to additional precision, and externalities. In fact, it is nearly impossible to make statements about economic phenomenon that are not imprecise, time variant, and open to additional precision and externalities.
So as general, imprecise, time variant, rules, open to increases in precision, for the description of aggregates, most ‘laws’ are not useful for the ascertainment of any individual case within that aggregate. We can make a general statement about aggregates, but we cannot make particular statements about cases.
In other words, economics is a young, immature, scientific discipline, consisting of observations both external and internal, logical instrumentation to prove the internal, physical to measure the external, and reason to judge the sufficiency of correspondence.
The question of whether or not state manipulation of information carried by the pricing system as a means of producing incentives to increase consumption and employment, is one not of scientific validity – but whether one uses false claims of certainty to justify the immorality of stealing from people by various means of involuntarily transfer for the purpose of conducting experiments that produce negative externalities equal to or worse than the benefits of consumption and employment.
REFORMATION OF LIBERTY
Three cultures: the anglo transparent and empirical, german continental obscurant and authoritarian rational, and the jewish cosmopolitan separatist obscurant pseudo-rational, were all different reactions to the enlightenment that attempted to preserve group evolutionary and competitive strategy in their arguments.
However, only one of those three strategies is true, transparent, operational, and scientific: the anglo empirical. Anglos were an homogenous outbred polity on an island. Germans a semi-homogenous semi-outbred polity holding borders. Jews where an unlanded, unwanted, outcast polity held in isolation within host countries. The evolutionary, competitive, cultural and therefore philosophical needs of these groups reflected their circumstances. Anglo transparency is evidence of a lack of fear of conflict of interest.
So, liberty must be resurrected from the failed Continental and Cosmopolitan programs, and, like all other disciplines, restated scientifically such that it can evolve into the 21st century, and lose it’s cultish and archaic dogma. Without that reformation, it is impossible to engage the majority polities, that do rely on scientific language in rational arguments. And if we are to escape the justified criticism of dogmatic and false misesian and rothbardian arguments, then to escape ridicule and fallacy alone we must make this transformation.
Jewish Cosmopolitanism attempted to preserve group cohesion by adapting their cult language and philosophy to rely upon secular arguments. Cult language and philosophy creates barriers to cooperation outside the group and increases utility of cooperation within the group. Science instead, is an attempt to create a universal language independent of group esotericists designed for group cohesion. (Against religions in particular.) And that attempt to create a universal language, succeeded. Science has won. The universal language, grammar, and process consist of scientific realism, and the scientific method, and it’s inclusion of empiricism, instrumentalism, operationalism, and falsificationism.
Misesians and Rothbardians and their ‘Austrian’ offshoots, all engage in loading, framing and overloading. Loading is the act of adding moral and emotional content to an argument. Framing is a form of fraud by omission, in which only preferred causes and effects are used for the argument, usually in support of some form of loading. Overloading is a form of deception, and exaggerated form of framing, where you construct a great body of information and argument using framed and loaded (selective) arguments in order to overwhelm the listener’s ability to conduct truth tests against it. And the reduction of statements to operations on the exchange of property eliminates this ability to conduct deception by loading, framing, and overloading.
THE ETHICS OF OPERATIONALISM
Science, by use of the scientific method, tries to solve the problem of causal density by breaking the the infinite causal density of the universe into discreet statements of cause and effect. The use of Operationalism in ethics, is an attempt to solve the problem of obscurantism, which is deceptive or self deceptive construction of artificial causal density for the purpose of persuasion.
If you cannot state something in operational language that demonstrates knowledge of construction,then you cannot make a truth claim about it, because you do not possess knowledge upon which to make such a truth claim. Moreover, since any true statement can be made operationally and therefore transparently and subject to subjective testing for rationality, then the only reason to NOT make a statement in operational language is to construct obscurant deception. Once aware of this fact, then you are by definition and necessity violating the ethics of debate by relying on other than transparent and operational arguments.
Libertarians are laughable for good reason. If we are to reform libertarianism we must restore liberty to anglo empirical aristocracy, and pull it from german continental authoritarian obscurantism, and jewish cosmopolitan hermeneutic ghetto obscurantism. Libertarianism must evolve so that honest transparent debate in rational and scientific terms can be conducted in favor of liberty and against collectivism in all its forms.
Curt Doolittle
The Propertarian Institute
The Philosophy of Aristocracy
Kiev Ukraine
Source date (UTC): 2014-05-30 07:58:00 UTC
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THE IRONY OF APRIORISM IN PRAXEOLOGY (profound) (reformation of libertarianism)
THE IRONY OF APRIORISM IN PRAXEOLOGY
(profound) (reformation of libertarianism)
From my position as a scientific realist, understanding that praxeology is and must be an operational discipline, the advocates of apriorism and the universal deducibility of economics appear humorously ironic – whenever they are not exasperatingly frustrating.
SUBJECTIVE TESTING
We cannot deduce economic phenomenon (laws) from fist principles. We have not. We do not. We will not. The matter is settled by the evidence that we did not deduce sticky prices, consumer irrationality, the extraordinary impact of morality on economics, and the multitude of cognitive biases that incorrectly inform our intuitions.
But, what we CAN do, given an empirically, instrumentally observed phenomenon, is to deduce the incentives to act, and therefore the actions that produce economic phenomenon, particularly emergent economic phenomenon, once they are empirically observed.
And conversely, we can test the rationality of incentives, and the voluntary or involuntary transfer of property, of economic propositions, if they are stated in operational language: as a SERIES OF HUMAN ACTIONS. (ie: operationalism)
We can perform this test because human incentives sufficient for the voluntary organization of production are marginally indifferent. If they were not marginally indifferent then the voluntary organization of production in a polity of humans would be if not impossible, at least far more difficult.
We do experience this level of difficulty whenever the difference in the portfolio of property rights used in any two polities are sufficiently different that trade must be reduced to the lowest common denominator. This is the case for trade barriers. Trade barriers compensate for differences in local purchasing power, but also for differences in local property rights – for example, when the export of natural resources are subject to tariffs for redistribution to the polity. But the more common example is trade with primitive societies in which intertemporal contract and property do not exist.
OPERATIONALISM = HUMAN ACTION
Operationalism is the requirement that we express statements as a series of actions. Operationalism requires that we demonstrate knowledge of construction, because one cannot make operational statements without knowledge of construction.
Human action is an operationalist discipline. It a contradiction to state that the study of human actions differs from the study of operations in sequence. These terms are synonymous. The logic of describing the world in terms of human actions.
Kant invented his philosophy to construct obscurantism in an effort to restore authority lost by religion in the enlightenment. It is an anti-scientific, anti-anglo empiricist philosophy of social rebellion. Cognitive science has come down on the Anglo side of the argument. The study of economics is, like all human investigation into phenomenon, one requiring the scientific method.
The scientific method is not particular to science. It only emerged in that discipline and therefore bears the name of that discipline. The scientific method is the only known means of organized, intentional, investigation of reality.
The scientific method is the universal epistemological method.
SCIENCE VS EMPIRICISM, POSITIVISM, AND FALSIFICATION
One of the most common fallacies of libertarian arguments is the conflation of science and the scientific method with either empiricism or positivism or both.
Science as it is practiced states that we never know the most parsimonious theory with the greatest explanatory power that explains causal relations and changes in state. And, that any model we construct whether verbal, operational, or logical and axiomatic rests upon a network of concepts that can be restructured at any point forward. This is a skeptical position and science has taught us it is correct to be skeptical. But in economics and politics, this uncertainty is not a weakness. It is a strength. We do not need greater certainty to act. We need greater certainty only to compel others to action. And in libertarian theory we should never seek to compel others to action except through fully informed voluntary exchange.
-Context and Precision-
Some of the time our theories are entirely false (phlogiston theory) some of which are limited by precision (newton’s theory of gravity). Both theories are false. But phlogiston theory is false in all circumstances, and newton’s theory of gravity is only false outside of the boundaries of “human scale” (the very small and the very large). Economic theories, referring to aggregates, are almost always false for any given case within the aggregate, but not for the aggregate expression itself. So theories, correspondence with reality, always and everywhere, are context dependent.
-Math and Logic-
Now, the same is true for most mathematical theories. The goal of mathematics is to create context independent general rules. So rules of arbitrary precision. And mathematics has had terrible difficulty in maintaining deductive certainty while trying to create rules independent of context. ie: with arbitrary precision. They solved it with the axiom of choice and maintaining the law of the excluded middle. Both of which are logical violations necessary to construct rules using arbitrary precision independent of context
-Falsification-
Falsification only requires that a statement be both falisifiable and that we can no longer identify new tests. It does not say that we need to repeat tests. Just the opposite. It says that we must create more precise, narrower tests, to further harden a theory if we wish to further test it. In fact, confirmation (repeating a test) is, under falsification, a fallacy. Since it merely confirms the prior test, and says nothing about the theory itself.
-Sufficiency For Voluntary Action-
*The Only Form Of Scientific Certainty Is The Level Sufficient For Voluntary Action*: Science states that we can never know enough to be certain, only that we can know enough to willingly ACT using the best of our knowledge at any given point; and that our confidence in those actions must be limited by the durability of a theory.
The important point for libertarians being, that unlike the ironic fallacies put forth by Mises, the scientific argument is that there is NEVER a case where if you are not convinced of something, that you may be deprived of your property for political purposes – unless you are free riding.
Some theories are very durable. We call them laws. A law is a theory that we cannot figure out how to disprove, and whose precision and explanatory power we do not yet know how to increase.
Most theories that describe economic aggregates are imprecise, time variant, and open to additional precision, and externalities. In fact, it is nearly impossible to make statements about economic phenomenon that are not imprecise, time variant, and open to additional precision and externalities.
So as general, imprecise, time variant, rules, open to increases in precision, for the description of aggregates, most ‘laws’ are not useful for the ascertainment of any individual case within that aggregate. We can make a general statement about aggregates, but we cannot make particular statements about cases.
In other words, economics is a young, immature, scientific discipline, consisting of observations both external and internal, logical instrumentation to prove the internal, physical to measure the external, and reason to judge the sufficiency of correspondence.
The question of whether or not state manipulation of information carried by the pricing system as a means of producing incentives to increase consumption and employment, is one not of scientific validity – but whether one uses false claims of certainty to justify the immorality of stealing from people by various means of involuntarily transfer for the purpose of conducting experiments that produce negative externalities equal to or worse than the benefits of consumption and employment.
REFORMATION OF LIBERTY
Three cultures: the anglo transparent and empirical, german continental obscurant and authoritarian rational, and the jewish cosmopolitan separatist obscurant pseudo-rational, were all different reactions to the enlightenment that attempted to preserve group evolutionary and competitive strategy in their arguments.
However, only one of those three strategies is true, transparent, operational, and scientific: the anglo empirical. Anglos were an homogenous outbred polity on an island. Germans a semi-homogenous semi-outbred polity holding borders. Jews where an unlanded, unwanted, outcast polity held in isolation within host countries. The evolutionary, competitive, cultural and therefore philosophical needs of these groups reflected their circumstances. Anglo transparency is evidence of a lack of fear of conflict of interest.
So, liberty must be resurrected from the failed Continental and Cosmopolitan programs, and, like all other disciplines, restated scientifically such that it can evolve into the 21st century, and lose it’s cultish and archaic dogma. Without that reformation, it is impossible to engage the majority polities, that do rely on scientific language in rational arguments. And if we are to escape the justified criticism of dogmatic and false misesian and rothbardian arguments, then to escape ridicule and fallacy alone we must make this transformation.
Jewish Cosmopolitanism attempted to preserve group cohesion by adapting their cult language and philosophy to rely upon secular arguments. Cult language and philosophy creates barriers to cooperation outside the group and increases utility of cooperation within the group. Science instead, is an attempt to create a universal language independent of group esotericists designed for group cohesion. (Against religions in particular.) And that attempt to create a universal language, succeeded. Science has won. The universal language, grammar, and process consist of scientific realism, and the scientific method, and it’s inclusion of empiricism, instrumentalism, operationalism, and falsificationism.
Misesians and Rothbardians and their ‘Austrian’ offshoots, all engage in loading, framing and overloading. Loading is the act of adding moral and emotional content to an argument. Framing is a form of fraud by omission, in which only preferred causes and effects are used for the argument, usually in support of some form of loading. Overloading is a form of deception, and exaggerated form of framing, where you construct a great body of information and argument using framed and loaded (selective) arguments in order to overwhelm the listener’s ability to conduct truth tests against it. And the reduction of statements to operations on the exchange of property eliminates this ability to conduct deception by loading, framing, and overloading.
THE ETHICS OF OPERATIONALISM
Science, by use of the scientific method, tries to solve the problem of causal density by breaking the the infinite causal density of the universe into discreet statements of cause and effect. The use of Operationalism in ethics, is an attempt to solve the problem of obscurantism, which is deceptive or self deceptive construction of artificial causal density for the purpose of persuasion.
If you cannot state something in operational language that demonstrates knowledge of construction,then you cannot make a truth claim about it, because you do not possess knowledge upon which to make such a truth claim. Moreover, since any true statement can be made operationally and therefore transparently and subject to subjective testing for rationality, then the only reason to NOT make a statement in operational language is to construct obscurant deception. Once aware of this fact, then you are by definition and necessity violating the ethics of debate by relying on other than transparent and operational arguments.
Libertarians are laughable for good reason. If we are to reform libertarianism we must restore liberty to anglo empirical aristocracy, and pull it from german continental authoritarian obscurantism, and jewish cosmopolitan hermeneutic ghetto obscurantism. Libertarianism must evolve so that honest transparent debate in rational and scientific terms can be conducted in favor of liberty and against collectivism in all its forms.
Curt Doolittle
The Propertarian Institute
The Philosophy of Aristocracy
Kiev Ukraine
Source date (UTC): 2014-05-30 04:20:00 UTC
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“NONE OF US IS A POLITICAL ISLAND.” —“I’ve heard many say they don’t believe t
“NONE OF US IS A POLITICAL ISLAND.”
—“I’ve heard many say they don’t believe the government should create and enforce laws that require certain actions be taken, such as for personal safety, general public safety, and reduction in personal injuries and resulting lawsuits, etc….I’m not going to say every Libertarian is like this, but I’ve heard this kind of thinking from such adherents a few times. I personally don’t agree with political ideals that treat each person as a practical island. A diverse, highly interconnected and fluid society cannot function that way, and I think it would probably end up being economically inefficient and unhealthy, ethical considerations aside. Of course, Libertarianism is more complex than that one issue, but it’s one that I disagree with in particular”— Athena (From Quora)
That’s right Athena. None of us is an island. Even Crusoe got to his via boat. 😉
Unfortunately, there are foolish people in every political philosophy. Libertarianism is not immune, any more than is progressivism or conservatism is immune.
Unfortunately, once ignorant, socially incompetent, intellectual adolescents here the term “non-aggression principle” they apply this ideological hammer to everything that looks vaguely like a nail; the same way progressives use equality, diversity, and racism; and the same way that conservatives use meritocracy.
All three points on the political triangle advocate their priorities over those of the other two. Progressives advocate nurture, caretaking, and prevention of harm and all but ignore social capital and liberty. Conservatives advocate the accumulation of social and behavioral capital equally with liberty and caretaking. And libertarians advocate liberty at the expense of caretaking and social capital.
Libertarians place higher moral weight on liberty than the other groups do. And as such, their political preferences take on the name that represents that preference: Libertarianism.
Libertarianism is an evolutionary extension of Classical Liberalism. Classical Liberalism is likewise a revision of Greek Political philosophy. Both of which are the result of unique european preference for sovereignty (aristocracy).
Unlike all other world political traditions, which attempt to concentrate and manage the limits of power. Classical liberal institutions rely upon the balance of powers and consent among those powers. This reflects the european ancient prohibition on monopoly of political power. The prohibition against tyranny.
Chieftains, Kings, Presidents are judges and administrators, empowered to resolve and prevent conflicts by the ascent of their peers (other nobles – which should be translated as ‘business owners’ because that’s what farmers and craftsmen who are heads of families are).
The libertarian intellectual research program seeks to totally eliminate the coercive power of government, while at the same time providing the institutional, organizational, and procedural means by which people can cooperate and prosper, without the bureaucracy, corruption, self interest that results from monopoly bureaucracy and political representation.
Now, Rothbardian Libertarianism, which copies the ethics of the Jewish ghetto, advocates Anarchy – no government at all, calls itself ‘Libertarianism’ in a linguistic attempt to claim the they are the sole proponents of the preference for liberty. A fact which frustrates the other ‘libertarian’ factions, who are more intellectually honest.
While Classical Liberal libertarians may prefer something between… “Private Government” that resembles Lichtenstein, the small germanic states prior to German unification, or most clearly, the English model of layers of private government we call constitutional monarchy, but which is merely a continuation of ancient anglo saxon methods of government.
So, continuing the tradition that makes use of the separation of powers and the prohibition on bureaucracy and professional politicians, libertarians divide the functions of government into different institutions.
Technically speaking there is only one necessary institution of government: The common law. All other political institutions are not necessary, put preferences. Some libertarians would prefer to limit government to this one function, and other libertarians would like to make use of all of the functions I list below.
NECESSARY INSTITUTIONS
(1) Law: judges (courts) which adjudicate differences (conflicts) based upon just one universal law of private property and the common law, and naturally evolve the common law as was historically practiced by judges. Under this common law, everyone has universal ‘standing’ so members of corporations, politicians and bureaucrats who are today insulated from law suits by a requirement for ‘standing’ would not be, nor would those special privileges for government employees exist. Instead, people who care could control companies and other organizations both with market pressure AND with legal pressure.
*The conflict over the definition of property.*
Now some libertarians (the ones that most likely seem immoral (because they are), suggest that the definition of property is that which we can both verify by our own senses: our bodies and the stuff we know we own: IVP (Intersubjectively verifiable property). These are the people that obsess over the term NAP (the non-aggression-principle).
While the NAP and IVP (NAP/IVP) are sufficient criteria for ethical relations between states, the NAP/IVP limits you to prohibitions on theft and violence. But this leaves open all the unethical and immoral behavior that all societies prohibit of their members.
So for all intents and purposes, NAP/IVP legally institutionalizes permission for immoral and unethical behavior like scams and every other possible means of deception and criminal behavior. ie: it’s the ethics of the ghetto.
The rest of us who are NOT observers of the NAP/IVP and therefore not members of the ever-present vocal minority of Rothbardian ghetto-libertarians, have been trying to distance ourselves from these ‘thin libertarians’, or ‘immoral-tarians’ or as the conservatives call them ‘aspie-tarians’, who are busy advocating Rothbardian Ghetto Ethics.
The movements that distance themselves from such are called ‘thick’ libertarians who intuit, feel, think, believe, or what have you, that the NAP/IVP Rothbardian Ghetto Ethics are insufficient criteria for the formation of a polity whose members possess liberty.
Some of these people are banded together into the “Bleeding Heart Libertarians”. The BHL’s do not have a plan. they just know that Rothbardian Ghetto Ethics are somehow not right. The criticism of BHL’s is that they don’t have a plan, and that any solution they talk about simply expands the state further.
Others want to make use of private institutions to provide public services wherever possible. Some other people (on my side of the fence) are fairly rigorous and extend property rights to all those things that people act as if are a form of property, and therefore allow us all to adjudicate our disputes in court without the need for a third party. This is a very simple solution to a very difficult problem.
Other people want to return to the past – which isn’t going to happen unless we reinvent the church, treat it as an independent wing of the government, and return most domestic social services to control of that branch of government. (This is not a crazy idea really, since it’s that set of services that have expanded most and consume most of the budget, and the failure to separate that service from the commercial functions of government has probably led to our current state of conflict.)
PREFERENTIAL INSTITUTIONS
(2) REGULATION/INSURANCE: The purpose of regulation is to prevent harm, particularly irreversible harm, and to use the polity as the insurer of last resort. To accomplish regulation, the libertarian preference, rather than reliance on a monopoly bureaucracy, is to use competing insurance companies.
(Now, before you run away with criticisms, you’d have to understand how rigorous libertarian theory is on this topic. How universal standing, universal personal accountability, affect this. Today you cannot easily sue the guy who sold the poor family next door a cable plan that made them debt slaves, but under libertarian law you could. So people who want to ‘do good’ in the world would be able to, and not dependent upon approval of bureaucrats for it.)
3) COMMONS: Developing all the infrastructure that we need and desire. Some infrastructure is necessary for competitive survival, some is preferential, and some is a luxury. However, it must be possible to construct commons, even if they are constructed by private firms.
Most libertarians would deny this and state that commons are the responsibility of private parties, otherwise we get into taxation.
Most libertarian solutions suggest we vote our tax dollars to those things that we really want ourselves over the internet, sort of how we run auctions on Kickstarter.
Others suggest that we use a lottocracy (people are randomly selected like juries and proposals are put in front of them and they choose which ones.) The idea is to eliminate politicians who are open to special interest groups.
(4) CHARITY: Most libertarians want a return to the civil society where people conduct charity personally, and where it is the defacto ‘job’ of a lot of people to administer it. I think those of us who are a bit more institutionally creative, see five or six solutions to the problem of charity. (I’m going to address this later because I’m running out of time.)
5) CREDIT: borrowing money on behalf of the populace for the production of commons. Most libertarians would argue that if a population can print its own money then it is doomed, however, I won’t address that argument here.
6) DEFENSE. (Not much to say here that isn’t obvious) Other than that under fifth generation warfare (what terrorists do) our ancient tradition of forming a militia, and training it under the Swiss model is probably the most effective military with the least international intervention we can come up with. Our current model doesn’t work well. And it will just get worse.
Others have demonstrated how to create private firms that provide defense, however, history has told us that such groups never are effective compared to an armed citizenry.
At present, nuclear weapons are an insurance policy and a necessary one. One’s freedom of self determination probably depends upon possession of nuclear weapons.
CLOSING
I hope this is somewhat helpful. My main purpose is not to enumerate all possible libertarian institutional solutions, although If I had a little more time I’d do that since I think the internet community would actually like that. It’s to (a) position the ‘everything is a nail’ Rothbardian’s as what they are – the passionate lunatic wing of liberty; (b) outline the underlying problem we’re trying to solve as the elimination of monopoly bureaucracy that always accumulates to the point of predation tyranny and failure; (c) show that we have thought (a lot) about how to continue the western tradition of divided government as a defense against tyranny, and that we have some solutions to it – most of which rely on just expanding the methods of our ancestors.
Affections.
Curt Doolittle
The Propertarian Institute
Kiev.
Source date (UTC): 2014-05-11 10:23:00 UTC
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The End Of Praxeology As A Pseudoscience
[P]roofs are properties of axiomatic systems. Axiomatic arguments are complete by definition. Proof and completeness are why axiomatic systems merely state internal consistency not external correspondence. As such axiomatic systems allow us to construct proofs – not truths. One cannot prove a theory, only falsify it. A theory corresponds with reality, but is forever incomplete, or it is not a theory but a tautology. Axiomatic arguments are bounded only by the imaginary, and theoretic arguments are bounded by correspondence with reality. This is why axiomatic systems are argumentatively weak (as we have seen in postwar physics) and theoretic arguments are strong: because the set of all possible and falsifiable theories is smaller than the set provable axiomatic statements. This delta in ability is why axiomatic systems are useful for assisting us in the construction of theoretical systems. Mathematics for example can represent more possible relations than the universe can represent since the combinations of elementary particles is smaller than can be represented by natural numbers. Logic can represent more combinations of language than humans can organize into meaningful statements. In both language and mathematics external correspondence is required, and axiomatic arguments are merely exploratory devices to help us in the further construction of theories. Economic statements allow us to test the rationality of actions and incentives. And we must always retest them if they are more than reductio statements, because no economic circumstance is unique enough that we can categorize it. That human interpretations are constant is not the same as saying that the circumstance is constant. Problem Theory Test stated correctly would be: Intuitive pattern->Imagination->theory->test of internal consistency->test of external correspondence->test of falsification->increase in knowledge->new intuitive pattern. [H]oppe’s arguments for example make these same errors: (from “Economic Science and the Austrian Method – Praxeology and Economic Science” 1 —” Whenever two people A and B engage in a voluntary exchange, they must both expect to profit from it. And they must have reverse preference orders for the goods and services exchanged so that A values what he receives from B more highly than what he gives to him, and B must evaluate the same things the other way around.”— However, this is not correct. They must expect satisfaction from it, not profit. As an axiomatic statement it is false.
I’ve been corrected by a reader since Hoppe is referring to ‘psychic profit’. On the other hand I do not think blackmail gives us a psychic profit, and blackmail is a voluntary exchagne. As such, I think that the statement fails since voluntary exchange is not a sufficient test of ethical and moral exchange and therefor politically possible property rights.
–“Whenever an exchange is not voluntary but coerced, one party profits at the expense of the other.”— This is not correct. All we can know is that on party is unsatisfied with the exchange. Involuntary restitution is unsatisfying or it would be unnecessary. The statement is not axiomatic, it’s false. —“Whenever the supply of a good increases by one additional unit, provided each unit is regarded as of equal serviceability by a person, the value attached to this unit must decrease.”— Subjective value is not moderated on a unit basis but on a utility basis. As such this statement is not axiomatic (its false) —“Of two producers, if A is more productive in the production of two types of goods than is B, they can still engage in a mutually beneficial division of labor. This is because overall physical productivity is higher if A specializes in producing one good which he can produce most efficiently, rather than both A and B producing both goods separately and autonomously.”— But demonstrably this is untrue, since the effort to produce an inferior good at a lower profit does not remove it’s portfolio value, and as such profibabilty is a property of the set of effort and risk involved, not the price and profiablity of any element of the portfolio of goods and services. Again, this statemetn is not axiomatic, and it’s false. —“Whenever the quantity of money is increased while the demand for money to be held as cash reserve on hand is unchanged, the purchasing power of money will fall.”— First, the question remains as to whether demand for cash on hand CAN remain constant, or if there is value to holding it constant, because while money is neutral, it is only neutral over time, and as such it is not unclear that even savers benefit (profit) if consumption is increased during the period, OR whether it is moral to refrain from encouraging consumption simply so that savers can obtain higher interest rates than consumers can consume and producers profit. So no, the statemetn is not axiomatic and I at least suspect it is either questionably moral, if not empirically false. —” is the validation process involved in establishing them as true or false of the same type as that involved in establishing a proposition in the natural sciences?”— Evidently, yes. As we have just seen, economic statemsts are set-theoretical and incomplete, general rules. Not axiomatic, complete, and open to deduction absent empirical test. What separates economic science from the physical sciences both of the material world (physics et al) and cognitive science, Is that we require instrumentation to test statements about the physical world to compensate for the limits of our sense and perception, and likewise we require instrumentation to test the mind – since our senses are limited at the act of introspection. HOwever, economic statements that are reduced to operational language – a series of steps of human action in sequence – are universally perceptible or we could not take those actions. As such economic statements are testable by sympathetic experience. We are marginally indifferent in our reactions to specific circumstances, and as such over subjective sympathy can be expressed as a general rule (theory). But given the uniqueness of every experience in time, these can never be more than general rules (theories), and are subject to testing each example incident. One may say that economics is a science in which we need not rely upon instrumentation for testing statements. One may say that we can produce a logic of human action, consisting of the empirically derived theories. Man’s reaction may be consistent throughout time, and consistent across all humans – at least to some degree. But since no two instances are the same, economics remains a theoretical rather than axiomatic discipline. Theories do not require completeness and axioms do by definition. This post should be one of the more profound arguments that you will have encountered on a FB – that’s pretty likely from my experience. Curt Doolittle The Propertarian Institute Kiev (PS very dense above. I may have to edit and expand it for additional clarity. But as an argument it’s pretty rock solid. And eventually I expect to put a permanent bullet in Misesian nonsense with it.)
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The End Of Praxeology As A Pseudoscience
[P]roofs are properties of axiomatic systems. Axiomatic arguments are complete by definition. Proof and completeness are why axiomatic systems merely state internal consistency not external correspondence. As such axiomatic systems allow us to construct proofs – not truths. One cannot prove a theory, only falsify it. A theory corresponds with reality, but is forever incomplete, or it is not a theory but a tautology. Axiomatic arguments are bounded only by the imaginary, and theoretic arguments are bounded by correspondence with reality. This is why axiomatic systems are argumentatively weak (as we have seen in postwar physics) and theoretic arguments are strong: because the set of all possible and falsifiable theories is smaller than the set provable axiomatic statements. This delta in ability is why axiomatic systems are useful for assisting us in the construction of theoretical systems. Mathematics for example can represent more possible relations than the universe can represent since the combinations of elementary particles is smaller than can be represented by natural numbers. Logic can represent more combinations of language than humans can organize into meaningful statements. In both language and mathematics external correspondence is required, and axiomatic arguments are merely exploratory devices to help us in the further construction of theories. Economic statements allow us to test the rationality of actions and incentives. And we must always retest them if they are more than reductio statements, because no economic circumstance is unique enough that we can categorize it. That human interpretations are constant is not the same as saying that the circumstance is constant. Problem Theory Test stated correctly would be: Intuitive pattern->Imagination->theory->test of internal consistency->test of external correspondence->test of falsification->increase in knowledge->new intuitive pattern. [H]oppe’s arguments for example make these same errors: (from “Economic Science and the Austrian Method – Praxeology and Economic Science” 1 —” Whenever two people A and B engage in a voluntary exchange, they must both expect to profit from it. And they must have reverse preference orders for the goods and services exchanged so that A values what he receives from B more highly than what he gives to him, and B must evaluate the same things the other way around.”— However, this is not correct. They must expect satisfaction from it, not profit. As an axiomatic statement it is false.
I’ve been corrected by a reader since Hoppe is referring to ‘psychic profit’. On the other hand I do not think blackmail gives us a psychic profit, and blackmail is a voluntary exchagne. As such, I think that the statement fails since voluntary exchange is not a sufficient test of ethical and moral exchange and therefor politically possible property rights.
–“Whenever an exchange is not voluntary but coerced, one party profits at the expense of the other.”— This is not correct. All we can know is that on party is unsatisfied with the exchange. Involuntary restitution is unsatisfying or it would be unnecessary. The statement is not axiomatic, it’s false. —“Whenever the supply of a good increases by one additional unit, provided each unit is regarded as of equal serviceability by a person, the value attached to this unit must decrease.”— Subjective value is not moderated on a unit basis but on a utility basis. As such this statement is not axiomatic (its false) —“Of two producers, if A is more productive in the production of two types of goods than is B, they can still engage in a mutually beneficial division of labor. This is because overall physical productivity is higher if A specializes in producing one good which he can produce most efficiently, rather than both A and B producing both goods separately and autonomously.”— But demonstrably this is untrue, since the effort to produce an inferior good at a lower profit does not remove it’s portfolio value, and as such profibabilty is a property of the set of effort and risk involved, not the price and profiablity of any element of the portfolio of goods and services. Again, this statemetn is not axiomatic, and it’s false. —“Whenever the quantity of money is increased while the demand for money to be held as cash reserve on hand is unchanged, the purchasing power of money will fall.”— First, the question remains as to whether demand for cash on hand CAN remain constant, or if there is value to holding it constant, because while money is neutral, it is only neutral over time, and as such it is not unclear that even savers benefit (profit) if consumption is increased during the period, OR whether it is moral to refrain from encouraging consumption simply so that savers can obtain higher interest rates than consumers can consume and producers profit. So no, the statemetn is not axiomatic and I at least suspect it is either questionably moral, if not empirically false. —” is the validation process involved in establishing them as true or false of the same type as that involved in establishing a proposition in the natural sciences?”— Evidently, yes. As we have just seen, economic statemsts are set-theoretical and incomplete, general rules. Not axiomatic, complete, and open to deduction absent empirical test. What separates economic science from the physical sciences both of the material world (physics et al) and cognitive science, Is that we require instrumentation to test statements about the physical world to compensate for the limits of our sense and perception, and likewise we require instrumentation to test the mind – since our senses are limited at the act of introspection. HOwever, economic statements that are reduced to operational language – a series of steps of human action in sequence – are universally perceptible or we could not take those actions. As such economic statements are testable by sympathetic experience. We are marginally indifferent in our reactions to specific circumstances, and as such over subjective sympathy can be expressed as a general rule (theory). But given the uniqueness of every experience in time, these can never be more than general rules (theories), and are subject to testing each example incident. One may say that economics is a science in which we need not rely upon instrumentation for testing statements. One may say that we can produce a logic of human action, consisting of the empirically derived theories. Man’s reaction may be consistent throughout time, and consistent across all humans – at least to some degree. But since no two instances are the same, economics remains a theoretical rather than axiomatic discipline. Theories do not require completeness and axioms do by definition. This post should be one of the more profound arguments that you will have encountered on a FB – that’s pretty likely from my experience. Curt Doolittle The Propertarian Institute Kiev (PS very dense above. I may have to edit and expand it for additional clarity. But as an argument it’s pretty rock solid. And eventually I expect to put a permanent bullet in Misesian nonsense with it.)
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THE END OF PRAXEOLOGY AS A PSEUDOSCIENCE Proofs are properties of axiomatic syst
THE END OF PRAXEOLOGY AS A PSEUDOSCIENCE
Proofs are properties of axiomatic systems. Axiomatic arguments are complete by definition. Proof and completeness are why axiomatic systems merely state internal consistency not external correspondence. As such axiomatic systems allow us to construct proofs – not truths.
One cannot prove a theory, only falsify it. A theory corresponds with reality, but is forever incomplete, or it is not a theory but a tautology. Axiomatic arguments are bounded only by the imaginary, and theoretic arguments are bounded by correspondence with reality.
This is why axiomatic systems are argumentatively weak (as we have seen in postwar physics) and theoretic arguments are strong: because the set of all possible and falsifiable theories is smaller than the set provable axiomatic statements.
This delta in ability is why axiomatic systems are useful for assisting us in the construction of theoretical systems. Mathematics for example can represent more possible relations than the universe can represent since the combinations of elementary particles is smaller than can be represented by natural numbers. Logic can represent more combinations of language than humans can organize into meaningful statements. In both language and mathematics external correspondence is required, and axiomatic arguments are merely exploratory devices to help us in the further construction of theories.
Economic statements allow us to test the rationality of actions and incentives. And we must always retest them if they are more than reductio statements, because no economic circumstance is unique enough that we can categorize it. That human interpretations are constant is not the same as saying that the circumstance is constant.
Problem Theory Test stated correctly would be:
Intuitive pattern->Imagination->theory->test of internal consistency->test of external correspondence->test of falsification->increase in knowledge->new intuitive pattern.
Hoppe’s arguments for example make these same errors: (from “Economic Science and the Austrian Method – Praxeology and Economic Science”
1 —” Whenever two people A and B engage in a voluntary exchange, they must both expect to profit from it. And they must have reverse preference orders for the goods and services exchanged so that A values what he receives from B more highly than what he gives to him, and B must evaluate the same things the other way around.”—
However, this is not correct. They must expect satisfaction from it, not profit. As an axiomatic statement it is false.
–“Whenever an exchange is not voluntary but coerced, one party profits at the expense of the other.”—
This is not correct. All we can know is that on party is unsatisfied with the exchange. Involuntary restitution is unsatisfying or it would be unnecessary. The statement is not axiomatic, it’s false.
—“Whenever the supply of a good increases by one additional unit, provided each unit is regarded as of equal serviceability by a person, the value attached to this unit must decrease.”—
Subjective value is not moderated on a unit basis but on a utility basis. As such this statement is not axiomatic (its false)
—“Of two producers, if A is more productive in the production of two types of goods than is B, they can still engage in a mutually beneficial division of labor. This is because overall physical productivity is higher if A specializes in producing one good which he can produce most efficiently, rather than both A and B producing both goods separately and autonomously.”—
But demonstrably this is untrue, since the effort to produce an inferior good at a lower profit does not remove it’s portfolio value, and as such profibabilty is a property of the set of effort and risk involved, not the price and profiablity of any element of the portfolio of goods and services. Again, this statemetn is not axiomatic, and it’s false.
—“Whenever the quantity of money is increased while the demand for money to be held as cash reserve on hand is unchanged, the purchasing power of money will fall.”—
First, the question remains as to whether demand for cash on hand CAN remain constant, or if there is value to holding it constant, because while money is neutral, it is only neutral over time, and as such it is not unclear that even savers benefit (profit) if consumption is increased during the period, OR whether it is moral to refrain from encouraging consumption simply so that savers can obtain higher interest rates than consumers can consume and producers profit. So no, the statemetn is not axiomatic and I at least suspect it is either questionably moral, if not empirically false.
—” is the validation process involved in establishing them as true or false of the same type as that involved in establishing a proposition in the natural sciences?”—
Evidently, yes. As we have just seen, economic statemsts are set-theoretical and incomplete, general rules. Not axiomatic, complete, and open to deduction absent empirical test.
What separates economic science from the physical sciences both of the material world (physics et al) and cognitive science, Is that we require instrumentation to test statements about the physical world to compensate for the limits of our sense and perception, and likewise we require instrumentation to test the mind – since our senses are limited at the act of introspection. HOwever, economic statements that are reduced to operational language – a series of steps of human action in sequence – are universally perceptible or we could not take those actions.
As such economic statements are testable by sympathetic experience. We are marginally indifferent in our reactions to specific circumstances, and as such over subjective sympathy can be expressed as a general rule (theory). But given the uniqueness of every experience in time, these can never be more than general rules (theories), and are subject to testing each example incident.
One may say that economics is a science in which we need not rely upon instrumentation for testing statements. One may say that we can produce a logic of human action, consisting of the empirically derived theories.
Man’s reaction may be consistent throughout time, and consistent across all humans – at least to some degree. But since no two instances are the same, economics remains a theoretical rather than axiomatic discipline. Theories do not require completeness and axioms do by definition.
This post should be one of the more profound arguments that you will have encountered on a FB – that’s pretty likely from my experience.
Curt Doolittle
The Propertarian Institute
Kiev
(PS very dense above. I may have to edit and expand it for additional clarity. But as an argument it’s pretty rock solid. And eventually I expect to put a permanent bullet in Misesian nonsense with it.)
Source date (UTC): 2014-03-30 11:34:00 UTC