Form: Definition

  • What Does Empirical Mean

    (core) Empirical: Reciprocally Observable, and therefore agreeable, or disagreeable.

    1. Empirical means observable such that claims can be intersubjectively verifiable or falsifiable: meaning the observation can be “agreed or disagreed upon”;
    2. in addition it means a sufficient volume of observations that we falsify the fragility of episodic memories, our tendency to err, our tendency to find patterns that don’t exist, or to bias the results, and to use both to deceive ;

    3. in addition it means using physical instruments of measurement to compensate for the limits of our senses, perception, and the resulting limits to intuition, prediction, and memory;

    4. in addition it means using logical instruments of measurement (testing) of constant, contingent, inconstant, and non-relations to compensate for the limits of our intuition, imagination, prediction, and reason and as such to prevent claims made in ignorance, error, bias, and deceit.

    5. together consisting of tests of reciprocity of information, and the possibility of Agreement or disagreement by reciprocity of information using due diligence in the falsification of sense, perception, intuition, prediction, and claim by RECIPROCAL due diligence using quantity, quality, consistency, causality.

    See the value of operational language? If you have the words for it, most philosophical discourses is rendered nonsense. See how law (competition) differs from philosophy by reduction to reciprocity not the self (philosophical justification)? Like I said, in almost all cases philosophical questions are sophisms due to idealism rather than realism – operational language.

  • Nation vs State vs Country

    Nation vs State vs Country https://propertarianism.com/2020/04/24/nation-vs-state-vs-country/


    Source date (UTC): 2020-04-24 18:57:24 UTC

    Original post: https://twitter.com/i/web/status/1253759965107556358

  • Nation vs State vs Country

    NATION VS STATE VS COUNTRY Most common errors conflate nation (people), country (territory) and state (government) because the ‘natural’ order is that these are the same: a body of people, the territory they live in and the government they defend and operate it with. HUMAN GROUP individual > family > clan > tribe > nation > race > man HUMAN RULES norms (manners, morals, ethics) > laws > institutions, traditions > arts > myths > religions. TERRITORY Farm > village > town > city > county – province > country > state > federation (capital) > empire (core state, and capital) > civilization. ORGANIZATION father > pater familia (extended family or clan) > headman or chieftain (tribe of clans) > king(kingdom) of tribes > monarch(monarchy under christianity) > state (corporation over all) > federation (of states) > empire (heterogeneous states) > civilization. LEADERSHIP individual > family or clan > oligarchy (group) > democracy (most)

  • Nation vs State vs Country

    NATION VS STATE VS COUNTRY Most common errors conflate nation (people), country (territory) and state (government) because the ‘natural’ order is that these are the same: a body of people, the territory they live in and the government they defend and operate it with. HUMAN GROUP individual > family > clan > tribe > nation > race > man HUMAN RULES norms (manners, morals, ethics) > laws > institutions, traditions > arts > myths > religions. TERRITORY Farm > village > town > city > county – province > country > state > federation (capital) > empire (core state, and capital) > civilization. ORGANIZATION father > pater familia (extended family or clan) > headman or chieftain (tribe of clans) > king(kingdom) of tribes > monarch(monarchy under christianity) > state (corporation over all) > federation (of states) > empire (heterogeneous states) > civilization. LEADERSHIP individual > family or clan > oligarchy (group) > democracy (most)

  • Disambiguation of Government (Bankruptcy)

    [D]isambiguation:

    1. Military > State > Government > Commons > institutions-organization
    2. Rule of Law > Law > Courts > Contracts > Biz-trade
    3. Strategy+Tradition > Religion+Education+Academy+Media > Families/Consumers > People-consumption

    State (corporation holding assets) 1. Federal State -> Federal Government 2. … Regional State -> Regional Government 3. … … Territorial: County Corporation -> County Government 4. … … Market: Local Corporation -> Local Government If a state declares bankruptcy the creditors get screwed all or partly. The state has demonstrated incompetence in the management of state affairs, and then the creditors will seek higher interest rates in the future, and after a cycle or two governments ‘learn’ partly because they have evidence of the consequences after bankruptcy and no evidence prior to bankruptcy – just as we now have evidence of immigration, diversity, monetary policy, and democracy – evidence of failure seems to be necessary to prevent repetition of human hubris. The state as a monopoly on violence is evidently false because it was a construct of the westphalian peace. At present it’s falsified, just as it was prior to the westphalian peace. In other words it was always false. The state is a corporation. The institutions organize the use of assets. The owners of that corporation consist of a small number of people willing to use sufficient violence to prevent alternative organizations of institutions and assets. The people who govern may or may not constitute sufficient violence to do so. Usually they don’t. In china they do. In russia they do. Because the fear of chaos in those countries is the opposite of the love of opportunity in NE European civilizations. – something the rest of the world cannot comprehend – because they never developed trust or commons … as we did.

  • Disambiguation of Government (Bankruptcy)

    [D]isambiguation:

    1. Military > State > Government > Commons > institutions-organization
    2. Rule of Law > Law > Courts > Contracts > Biz-trade
    3. Strategy+Tradition > Religion+Education+Academy+Media > Families/Consumers > People-consumption

    State (corporation holding assets) 1. Federal State -> Federal Government 2. … Regional State -> Regional Government 3. … … Territorial: County Corporation -> County Government 4. … … Market: Local Corporation -> Local Government If a state declares bankruptcy the creditors get screwed all or partly. The state has demonstrated incompetence in the management of state affairs, and then the creditors will seek higher interest rates in the future, and after a cycle or two governments ‘learn’ partly because they have evidence of the consequences after bankruptcy and no evidence prior to bankruptcy – just as we now have evidence of immigration, diversity, monetary policy, and democracy – evidence of failure seems to be necessary to prevent repetition of human hubris. The state as a monopoly on violence is evidently false because it was a construct of the westphalian peace. At present it’s falsified, just as it was prior to the westphalian peace. In other words it was always false. The state is a corporation. The institutions organize the use of assets. The owners of that corporation consist of a small number of people willing to use sufficient violence to prevent alternative organizations of institutions and assets. The people who govern may or may not constitute sufficient violence to do so. Usually they don’t. In china they do. In russia they do. Because the fear of chaos in those countries is the opposite of the love of opportunity in NE European civilizations. – something the rest of the world cannot comprehend – because they never developed trust or commons … as we did.

  • How Do We Define Economics? It Took Time…

    Adam Smith (1776) defined what was then called political economy as “an inquiry into the nature and causes of the wealth of nations”, in particular as:

    —“a branch of the science of a statesman or legislator [with the twofold objectives of providing] a plentiful revenue or subsistence for the people … [and] to supply the state or commonwealth with a revenue for the publick services.”—

    John Stuart Mill (1844) defines the subject in a social context as:

    —“The science which traces the laws of such of the phenomena of society as arise from the combined operations of mankind for the production of wealth, in so far as those phenomena are not modified by the pursuit of any other object.”—

    Alfred Marshall provides a still widely cited definition in his textbook Principles of Economics (1890) that extends analysis beyond wealth and from the societal to the microeconomic level:

    —“Economics is a study of man in the ordinary business of life. It enquires how he gets his income and how he uses it. Thus, it is on the one side, the study of wealth and on the other and more important side, a part of the study of man.”—

    Lionel Robbins (1932) developed implications of what has been termed “Perhaps the most commonly accepted current definition of the subject”:

    —“Economics is a science which studies human behaviour as a relationship between ends and scarce means which have alternative uses.”—

    Gary Becker, a contributor to the expansion of economics into new areas, describes the approach he favours as :

    —The study of human behavior by “Combining i) the assumptions of maximizing behaviour, ii) stable preferences, and iii) market equilibrium, used relentlessly and unflinchingly.”—

    I’m pretty obviously a Beckerian in that I see economics as a methodology applied to the science of studying demonstrated behavior, and the application of physics to life forms that (a) have memories, (b) consciousness, and (c) the possibility of cooperation. I see economics as an extension of physics into conscious life. And I see p-law as the logic of invariance from the physical, natural, and evolutionary laws. I see Physics, Economics, Law, and evolutionary necessity as the hierarchy of laws of nature.

  • How Do We Define Economics? It Took Time…

    Adam Smith (1776) defined what was then called political economy as “an inquiry into the nature and causes of the wealth of nations”, in particular as:

    —“a branch of the science of a statesman or legislator [with the twofold objectives of providing] a plentiful revenue or subsistence for the people … [and] to supply the state or commonwealth with a revenue for the publick services.”—

    John Stuart Mill (1844) defines the subject in a social context as:

    —“The science which traces the laws of such of the phenomena of society as arise from the combined operations of mankind for the production of wealth, in so far as those phenomena are not modified by the pursuit of any other object.”—

    Alfred Marshall provides a still widely cited definition in his textbook Principles of Economics (1890) that extends analysis beyond wealth and from the societal to the microeconomic level:

    —“Economics is a study of man in the ordinary business of life. It enquires how he gets his income and how he uses it. Thus, it is on the one side, the study of wealth and on the other and more important side, a part of the study of man.”—

    Lionel Robbins (1932) developed implications of what has been termed “Perhaps the most commonly accepted current definition of the subject”:

    —“Economics is a science which studies human behaviour as a relationship between ends and scarce means which have alternative uses.”—

    Gary Becker, a contributor to the expansion of economics into new areas, describes the approach he favours as :

    —The study of human behavior by “Combining i) the assumptions of maximizing behaviour, ii) stable preferences, and iii) market equilibrium, used relentlessly and unflinchingly.”—

    I’m pretty obviously a Beckerian in that I see economics as a methodology applied to the science of studying demonstrated behavior, and the application of physics to life forms that (a) have memories, (b) consciousness, and (c) the possibility of cooperation. I see economics as an extension of physics into conscious life. And I see p-law as the logic of invariance from the physical, natural, and evolutionary laws. I see Physics, Economics, Law, and evolutionary necessity as the hierarchy of laws of nature.

  • The term “Note(s)” (debt instrument), like “Money” (medium of exchange), and “Cu

    The term “Note(s)” (debt instrument), like “Money” (medium of exchange), and “Currency” (“in circulation”) has been abused.

    Technically, money proper must consist of commodity money. All else is a commodity money substitute:

    – Scrip ( currency substitute that replaces legal tender. a form of credit and documentation of debt)>

    – Token-prepaid-money-substitute (bitcoin: divisible tokens) >

    – Cheque-non-transferrable-claim-on-account >

    – Note-transferrable-claim-on-account >

    – Banknote-claim-on-deposits >

    – Share-in-the-corporation-assets >

    – Fiat-Share-in-the-economy : Fiat Money (What we all use today)

    The rest are various financial instruments that are less liquid.


    Source date (UTC): 2020-04-24 12:21:00 UTC