Category: Civilization, History, and Anthropology

He is being pragmatic.
1) I divide the four primary races from the four speciation events.
2) All other groups are either earlier generations of those four, hybrids, or both.
What Martin is saying is that how you want to discuss them andin what precision is a matter of pragmatism…

Not really. Genetics:
–“only 17 percent of Egyptians are Arabs, while 68 percent of the indigenous population is from North Africa, four percent are from Jewish ancestry, three percent are of East African origins, another three percent from Asia Minor and three percent are South…

Homo Sapiens Sapiens and The Four Species (or subspecies) of Man
(Unsolicited and possibly out of context reply that may be relevant or not: a species is determined by an adaptation in a geography that produces a signal for a preference in reproductive selection.

It does not mean the species cannot interbreed – that takes a very long time. While there are clearly at least four human species (races), it is also true that humans are the most adaptive and innovative in every respect including reproduction (human males will hae sex with anything they can get their ‘hands’ on or.. parts in so to speak), so that the combination of mobility, adaptability to geography and climate, and sexual adaptability promote both speciation and subsequent hybridization. Yet humans retain an obvious sexual preference for the neotenic sequence (hierarchy) of the species.

My only point here is to reinforce that species are not limited to reproductive impossibility, but identification of compatibility(general) and selection (precise) – and when the term species is applied to humans we violate the rules use for determining all other species.

Compare with chimps/bonobos etc.
(which might be offensive but it helps clarify the first point).

Homo Sapiens Spaiens and The Four Species (or subspecies) of Man
(Unsolicited and possibly out of context reply that may be relevant or not: a species is determined by an adaptation in a geography that produces a signal for a preference in reproductive selection.

It does not mean the species cannot interbreed – that takes a very long time. While there are clearly at least four human species (races), it is also true that humans are the most adaptive and innovative in every respect including reproduction (human males will hae sex with anything they can get their ‘hands’ on or.. parts in so to speak), so that the combination of mobility, adaptability to geography and climate, and sexual adaptability promote both speciation and subsequent hybridization. Yet humans retain an obvious sexual preference for the neotenic sequence (hierarchy) of the species.

My only point here is to reinforce that species are not limited to reproductive impossibility, but identification of compatibility(general) and selection (precise) – and when the term species is applied to humans we violate the rules use for determining all other species.

Compare with chimps/bonobos etc.
(which might be offensive but it helps clarify the first point).