I do not. I construct from first principles. (And frankly I’m working beyond the

I do not. I construct from first principles.

(And frankly I’m working beyond the scope of your knowledge and ability)

You’re conflating the empirical determinants of market interest rates (which are institutionally manipulated) with the causal logic of time preference as a biological constant—the necessary precondition for all economic behavior.

Time preference is not an “Austrian myth”; it is an evolved constraint. All organisms—humans included—face tradeoffs between present and future consumption, and these tradeoffs are determined by biological risk, environmental scarcity, capital availability, and lifespan projection. To act is to prefer the present over the absent; to defer is to store and transfer the cost of that action over time.

That’s why interest exists at all: it’s a price on deferral. Yes, institutions (central banks, credit markets, fiat regimes) distort that price—but they do not abolish the underlying function. If anything, the manipulation of interest rates without respect for underlying time preferences creates malinvestment and capital consumption—the very problems that neoclassicals and Keynesians continually fail to predict.

As for investment: of course it’s a function of expectations. But expectations are projections of intertemporal gain, weighted by risk, time, and return. You cannot even define investment coherently without a theory of time valuation.

So no—there’s no contradiction here. I treat subjectivity in value, expectation in investment, and time preference in discounting as different operational expressions of the same principle:

1. Behavior is the allocation of time under constraint.
2. Money is the unit of its exchange.
3. Investment is the deferral of time in expectation of return.
5. Interest is the price of deferral.

That’s not Austrian metaphysics or neoclassical equilibrium modeling. That’s operational physics applied to cooperative behavior.

You’re welcome.