Great question. Though one that’s difficult to answer, simply because science is

Great question. Though one that’s difficult to answer, simply because science is so specialized, and there are nearly a hundred solid journals, and countless other niche publications.
But, for the general audience the Nature family of publication is most respected and most likely to report something interesting.
They have an eamil list that you can join that will send you a weekly list of what’s been published, and some responses (letters) to those articles.
FWIW: I set up google alerts for science topics I’m interested in, and follow a number of people who ‘filter’ the lesser quality research for the few worthy (there are only a few really) bits that are useful.
FWIW2: You would be surprised that it’s reasonably possible to stay current in most of the sciences simply because while a lot is published, very little provides novel insight. And also, there are not as many open questions about the universe as you’d imagine. It’s that those open questions are very hard to research.

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